This cryptocurrencies category covers all cryptocurrencies from Bitcoin to IQ. 

Cryptocurrencies

Catcoin (Created November 26, 2021) Is a community-driven token based on a meme with a dream of creating an entire ecosystem for Cat Lovers. It offers live Streams on Twitch. tv, allowing the community to share their views on Catcoin at any time. Catcoin is one of the first [Crypto](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency)-related projects that combine social media with [Cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency).  
  
In April, 2022 Catcoin migrated to a new and improved smart contract and is currently supported by its dedicated community with a new core team.  
  
# Overview  
  
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](nOt2eJiQeuQ)$$Launched on November 26, 2021 by Miaoshi Nekomoto, Catcoin is a Decentralized Meme based token that operates on the Binance Smart Chain. It is a community-owned Project that connects the crypto world with social media.  
  
Catcoin is based on a meme with a dream of creating an entire ecosystem for Cat Lovers. It offers live Streams on Twitch.tv, allowing the community to share their views on Catcoin at any time. Catcoin is focused on the Catnip project, which will be developed and released by mid-2022 and implemented into the Metaverse (Catverse) at the request of the community.  
  
Also Catcoin Holders can earn more coins by only holding the CATS token, the native token of Catcoin ecosystem, It redistributes a 2% fee of each transaction to it holders. Catcoin can also be used to develop applications to provide the community with various tools and simplify the Crypto world for new investors.  
  
Catcoin values a friendly and caring community by connecting people from all over the world and allows their thoughts flow together, making them a part of the Catfamily.  
  
# Catcoin V2  
  
### Utilities:  
  
1.   
  
# Catcoin Pussy Patrol  
  
Introducing the Catcoin Pussy Patrol  
  
The Only Project in Bsc land to have a dedicated Police force protecting our investors!  
  
Our commitment to you  
  
⁃ To do everything we can to educate you and protect you from Scammers  
  
⁃ To identify Scammers through covert operations and remove them from our community  
  
⁃ To identify SCAM and fraudulent groups and have them reported and closed down  
  
To file a report click the “ Report Suspicious Activity/Scam” button on the main button menu  
  
Just type /CATS at anytime in main chat to reveal the button menu  
  
## $CATS  
  
$CATS is the native token of the Catcoin ecosystem,it is a BEP-20 which is based on the Binance Smart Chain. It has a total supply of 1 quadrillion (1,000,000,000,000,000). It has a renounced contract and a locked Liquidity with a Buy tax of 5% and Sell tax of 6% giving a 2% token reflection on every transaction redistributed to its holders, Making Users earn more and more by holding Catcoin in their Decentralized Wallets.  
  
It is currently listed on the following Exchanges:  
  
* LBank  
* Bkex  
* Indoex  
* PancakeSwap  
* DODO (BSC)  
* Flooz  
  
# CatCoin NFTs  
  
Cat Coin Cat Club  
The Cat Coin Cat Club NFT is a collection of 1234 cat Non-Fungible Token (NFT) listed on the Tofu Marketplace. It was launched on the 24th of February, 2022. The Cat Coin Cat Club collection Sold out within 12Min after going live. Also, the Catcoin Team plans on releasing an NFT Marketplace,along with Catcoinswap, Catverse and a multiplayer game according to the Roadmap  
  
# Events  
  
### Shopping.io X CatCoin  
  
CATS token is now available as a form of payment on http://Shopping.io $CATS holders can enjoy a 2% discount on all orders for 30 days!  
  
### Dragon Boat Festival  
  
In celebration of Dragon Boat Festival this weekend, one of the 7 traditionary Chinese holidays, we are running a special event from Friday-Sunday for approximately 72 hours! For the first time, CatCoin will be reducing it's buy tax to ZERO for these 72 hours! That's right 0% tax on buys! On top of this, we also have a Biggest Buy competition. The biggest buy at the end of the Festival will receive a 7.5 BNB Prize directly to their wallet. And finally, we will be awarding a randomly selected buy (0.25 BNB and above to qualify) a 2.5 BNB reward at the end (Must have held for at least 2 weeks prior or be a new buyer).  
  
### Crypto Expo Asia  
  
After Dubai and Miami, CatCoin will not only have a booth at the forthcoming Singapore crypto show (22nd – 23rd June), but they will also be one of the main sponsors of the event  
  
# Team Members  
  
The Catcoin team includes a group of Dedicated and Hardworking individuals who have worked hard to see the project standing Strong and Promising. They Are:  
  
| Name | Bio | Social Media Links |  
| ---- | --- | ------------------ |  
|  |  |  |  
| Acostioai Marius | Acosti is a 35 year old Romanian Marketing Graphic Designer with 12 years experience in design indoor and outdoor projects. His history with crypto started 12 years ago, when he mined his first Bitcoin, and from that time he manage to accumulate it. His passions is to create music hence, He became a music producer and he loves making EDM music. Acosti also has a flight license (small planes) and he likes to travel and make new connections. He his the brain behind most of the graphic content posted by Catcoin. | https://www.linkedin.com/in/marius-acostioai/ |  
|  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  
| Dane D. | Dane is a 33 year old Texan with 7 years crypto experience. Former NCAA athlete, strength coach, & professional gamer, with a background in cybersecurity. Cryptocurrency skills include project leadership, management, marketing strategy, technical anaylsis, and public speaking. Have taken several high profile projects to huge marketcaps. | https://twitter.com/CryptoBlastin |  
| Adam Vernon | Adam who has a Coll and Calm voice is a 42 years young, computer scientist with experience in big data, AI and deep learning. I have been in the crypto space for many years, assisting teams creating structure and developing their assets. His main goals with CatCoin are to educate the community, support charities and ensure they all enjoy the financial benefits of DE-FI. | https://linkedin.com/in/adam-vernon-msc |  
| Govind Gopinath (BPM) | BPM who is in charge of the Chingari social, is a 29-year-old Mechanical Engineering Graduate whose passion for travelling turned him into a Photographer. He has worked for a Digital Marketing Agency and a Travel YouTube Channel in the past. When he is not working, he loves slow travelling, Meeting strangers at backpacker's hostels. After he joined the Catcoin Team, Govind decided to open his home for a Stray Cat. | https://twitter.com/bpmcrypto |  
| Charles Salerno | Charlie is a 35 year old Philadelphia born, outdoor enthusiast & family man currently living in New Jersey. General contractor who believes in hard work, tenacity, & dedication. Chalie is always polite & positive, willing to help someone in need in any way he can. Cat lover and adopter of crypto, Chalie is often referred to as the Cat-father from his fellow holders, due to his being an early voice for good, hope, & positivity in the community. | https://www.linkedin.com/in/chalie-salerno-aba25a238/ |  
|  |  |  |  
| Daniel Villagra | Daniel is a 32-year-old Canadian with a passion for the internet, websites and online marketing since 12 years of age. A creative businessman with a BBA and Advanced Marketing Diploma, that has had the pleasure of working with brands for over a decade. He is a believer of crypto, and the positive difference it makes in society. When not working, Daniel enjoys being a family man, supporting important causes, and educating those who are new to crypto. | https://twitter.com/dannyboy\_crypto |  
  
# Partnership  
  
Catcoin is in partnership with various firms which includes:  
  
* TofuNFT  
* Flooz Trade  
* Blockchain Brothers  
* Lasahido  
* degem  
* shopping.io (SPI)  
* GTCup open  
  
# Roadmap  
  
### Phase 1 (Completed):  
  
* Version 1 inception  
* Transfer to previous developers community  
* Formation and organization of teams  
* Viral Marketing campaign/Catcoin emerges onto the Scene  
* Begins migration planning  
  
### Phase 2:  
  
* Journey to 100 million MarketCap catcoin  
* Completes migration to new contract  
* CMC/CG Updates BSCSCAN/Trustwallet  
* Update solidGroup Audit, Certik Audit  
* Marketing Campaigns increase TikTok / YouTube ambassador campaign begins  
* T2 Centralized Exchanges resumes all trading T2 Exchanges Added  
* First T1 NFT series begin rollout DAO development completes  
  
### Phase 3:  
  
* 100 million marketcap + viral marketing campaign intensifies  
* Team Expansion, meme and social media outreach expanded  
* NFT Series add additional utility and more released More T1 and T2 exchanges List  
* Catcoin Staking platform is released  
* Marketing Firm Joins catcoin  
  
### Phase 4:  
  
* Sister Token and ETH bridge released  
* Top Secrete utility unveiled  
* Larger additional T1s  
* Larger Partnership  
* Flare Marketing campaign begins  
  
### Phase 5:  
  
* Fiture is bright  
* Meeooow

Catcoin is a community-driven meme token launched on the 26th of November 2021.

Catcoin

**HODL** is a term that is commonly used in the [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) community which refers to the practice of holding onto one's cryptocurrency investments for a long period of time, regardless of market fluctuations or other external factors. The term originated in a 2013 BitcoinTalk forum post in which a user, who was drunk at the time, misspelled the word "hold" as "hodl" and it has since become a popular meme in the cryptocurrency community. [\[1\]](#cite-id-xn54wqmvlaa)  
  
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](7pEa13vMc3w)$$  
  
## Origin of the Term  
  
The term HODL was first coined in a 2013 BitcoinTalk forum post by a user who went by the handle "GameKyuubi." In the post, the user wrote about their frustration with the volatility of the cryptocurrency market and their desire to hold onto their [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) investments for the long term, regardless of market fluctuations. The user wrote: "I AM HODLING." [\[1\]](#cite-id-xn54wqmvlaa) [\[2\]](#cite-id-ij3xnu7z6fb)  
  
The misspelling of the word "hold" as "hodl" in the forum post was likely a result of the user being drunk at the time, as they later admitted in a follow-up post. However, the term quickly caught on in the cryptocurrency community and has since become a popular meme and rallying cry for those who believe in the long-term potential of cryptocurrencies. [\[4\]](#cite-id-rh6ckuivu3b)  
  
## Usage in the Cryptocurrency Community  
  
HODL is often used as a rallying cry by those who believe in the long-term potential of cryptocurrencies and are willing to hold onto their investments, even during times of market volatility. Many in the cryptocurrency community view HODLing as a sign of conviction and commitment to the technology and its potential to disrupt traditional financial systems. [\[5\]](#cite-id-o5d33ryzssg)  
  
HODLing can also refer to the practice of buying and holding cryptocurrencies as a long-term investment, rather than actively trading them in hopes of short-term gains. This strategy is often advocated by those who believe that the long-term potential of cryptocurrencies far outweighs any short-term market fluctuations.  
  
## Variations of the Term  
  
Over time, various variations of the term HODL have emerged in the cryptocurrency community. [\[6\]](#cite-id-bt3sl3v5yuv) Some of the most common variations include:  
  
* HODLer: a person who practices HODLing  
* HODLing: the act of holding onto one's cryptocurrency investments for a long period of time  
* HODLing Strong: a phrase used to express commitment to the HODLing strategy, even during times of market volatility  
* Weak HODLer: a person who is not committed to the HODLing strategy and may be prone to selling their cryptocurrency investments during times of market volatility  
  
## Criticism of HODLing  
  
While HODLing has become a popular meme and rallying cry in the cryptocurrency community, it has also been criticized by some. Some argue that HODLing is a form of irrational exuberance and that it ignores the fundamental risks and challenges associated with cryptocurrencies. Others have pointed out that HODLing can be a risky strategy, as the value of cryptocurrencies can go down as well as up, and holding onto them for too long can result in significant losses. [\[3\]](#cite-id-j59ct54jzke)  
  
Despite these criticisms, HODLing remains a popular term and practice in the cryptocurrency community. It continues to be used as a way to express belief in the long-term potential of cryptocurrencies and as a way to encourage others to hold onto their investments.

HODL is a term that is commonly used in the cryptocurrency community which refers to the practice of holding onto one's cryptocurrency investments for a long pe...

HODL

# TRON 
 
Tron is a decentralized, [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain)-based, open-source protocol supporting various kinds of blockchain networks and [smart contrac](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract)t systems including [bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin), [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum), [EOS](https://iq.wiki/wiki/eos), [Qtum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/qtum), and other public blockchain smart contracts. TRON features a delegated [proof-of-stake](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-stake)(DPoS) principles as its consensus algorithm and a [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) native to the system, known as Tronix (TRX). Tron was established in March 2014 by Justin Sun and since 2017 it has been overseen and supervised by the a non-profit "TRON Foundation" organization in Singapore which was established in the same year. TRX is the [mainnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mainnet) native token of the TRON protocol issued by TRON DAO which is a community-governed DAO dedicated to accelerating the decentralization of the internet blockchain technology and DApps. TRX is the basic unit of accounts on the TRON blockchain. TRX is also a natural medium currency for all TRC-based tokens. TRX connects the whole TRON ecosystem with abundant application scenarios that power transactions and applications on the chain. TRX was originally an Ethereum-based [ERC-20](https://iq.wiki/wiki/erc-20) token, but switched its protocol to its own blockchain in 2018. TRC20 has a fee of 5 Trones per 1 USDT coin for the transfer. 
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](vdYYQgQ4GjA)$$ 
 
# Overview 
 
## History 
 
2017: 
The TRON Foundation was established in July 2017 in Singapore. TRON was founded by Justin Sun in September 2017. The Foundation raised $70 million in 2017 through an initial coin offering[\[6\]](#cite-id-711m8wpcezx) before China outlawed the digital tokens.![Tron foundation.jpeg](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmVERBpLcJh9UfgEbkqm24MEAeJ5rGDawMCtjqyUcfcMFH) 
 2018:  
The blockchain Explorer "testnet", and Web Wallet were all launched in March 2018. TRON [Mainnet ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mainnet) launched shortly afterward in May 2018 marking the Odyssey 2.0 release as a key technical milestone for TRON. In June 2018, TRON switched its protocol from an [ERC-20](https://iq.wiki/wiki/erc-20) token on top of [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) to an independent peer-to-peer network. In July 2018, the TRON Foundation announced it had finished the acquisition of BitTorrent[\[4\]](#cite-id-r8tb9rt47b), a peer-to-peer file sharing service. With this, TRON declared its independence with the creation of the Genesis block. Upon this acquisition, BitTorrent Founder Bram Cohen also disclosed in August 2018 that he was leaving the company to found Chia[\[5\]](#cite-id-1evb2r6rpaz), an alternative to bitcoin creating less energy-intensive [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency). 
  
2019: 
By January 2019, TRON had a total market cap of about $1.6 billion[\[7\]](#cite-id-65yepz2i8il). Despite this market performance, some authors viewed TRON as a typical case of the complex and disordered nature of cryptocurrencies. After being acquired by Tron Foundation in February 2019, BitTorrent started its own token sale based on the TRON network. 
  
2020: 
TRON 4.0 was launched in July 2020[\[8\]](#cite-id-yhycq1gmuqn). 
  
2022: 
In April 2022, a new crypto called USDD[\[9\]](#cite-id-qa3ju85z2e8) was created on the TRON [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain). 
TRX is granted statutory status as authorized digital currency and medium of exchange in the Commonwealth of Dominica effective on October 7, 2022[\[10\]](#cite-id-bbefjccsgy). 
 
## 
 
## Architecture 
 
### Technical Architecture 
 
TRON adopts a 3-layer architecture divided into storage layer, core layer, and application layer. Each of which are optimized for a specific set of functionalities. The TRON protocol was modeled using Google Protobuf (protocol buffers) system - a method for serializing structured data which is designed to help platforms and systems communicate with each other quickly and efficiently. TRON [blockchain ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain)was built to streamline communications and ensure easy integration with a multitude of sophisticated programming languages. 
TRON Storage layer is optimized to allow for more complex data storage needs within TRON’s evolving blockchain architectural landscape. 
TRON core layer performs multiple fundamental tasks that make up the foundation of the blockchain’s underlying protocol. One of the primary tasks is to drive TRON’s innovative consensus procedure for adding new blocks to the chain. This system is inspired by state-of-the-art Delegated [Proof of Stake](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-stake)(DPoS) consensus architecture. 
TRON application layer is designed to help software engineers interact with the TRON ecosystem effectively. The application layer holds strong potential for supporting new applications built on top of the platform.  
The TRON protocol, maintained primarily by the TRON Foundation, distributes computing resources equally among TRX holders with internal pricing mechanisms such as bandwidth and energy. TRON provides a decentralized virtual machine, which can execute a program using an international network of public nodes. The network has zero transaction fees and conducts approximately 2,000 transactions per second. 
The implementations of TRON require minimal transaction fees in order to prevent malicious users from performing DDoS attacks for free. In this respect, EOS.IO and TRON are quite similar, due to the negligible fees, high transactions per second, and high reliability, and as such are regarded as a new generation of [blockchain ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain)systems. Michael Borkowski, Marten Sigwart, Phillip Frauenthaler, Taneli Hukkinen and Stefan Schulte defined TRON as an [Ethereum ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum)clone having no fundamental differences. The transactions per second rate on Tron's blockchain was questioned because it was far below its theoretical claim 
 
### TRON Virtual Machine (TVM) 
 
A lightweight Turing complete virtual machine developed for TRON’s ecosystem to provide millions of global developers with a custom-built blockchain system in efficient, convenient, stable, secure and scalable ways. This systematic mechanism helps prevent attacks on the platform, lowers the resource costs of the platform itself, and reduces the costs of application development. 
 
### zk-SNARK technology 
 
A cryptographic proof system that enables the use of what are shielded transactions to provide decentralized transaction confirmation without sharing any private or confidential data. TRON 4.0 which was launched in 2020 introduced the TRONZ privacy protocol powered by zk-SNARK technology. 
 
# Use Cases 
 
## Smart Contracts 
 
The [blockchain ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain)technology behind TRON enables the deployment of [smart contract](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract)s in a variety way of [decentralized applications](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-application). This includes online games, MLM setups, and decentralized apps. Smart contract can be deployed directly on the TRON network if it is programmed in Solidity. New features such as IDE, TRON Studio, provides a convenient GUI and compiles instructions that make the process easy and stress-free. 
 
## Tron Gambling Dapps 
 
With the tremendous capacity, TRON blockchain can handle thousands of users simultaneously, providing each with the same-quality user experience. The principles of transparency, fairness, and equalized wealth distribution allow all stakeholders to benefit from online gambling. The WINk platform, which was formerly TronBet, offers users exactly same experience. It has several betting games, including ring, poker, dice, duel, slots, and others, which are all based on the decentralized gambling rules. Players also can benefit from dividend payouts if they stake tokens natively supported by WINk such as TRX, LIVE, and others. 
![Trom Gambling.jpg](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmXZ2P4usPvUgYNt4FkNMnzT8ZrmU7d5qrfjAxkwMkh8G8) 
 
## Tron Exchanges 
 
Tron [smart contracts ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract)ensure transparency, automation of executed tasks, and safety. [Poloniex](https://iq.wiki/wiki/poloniex), the first decentralized exchange running on Tron, allows users to exchange Tron tokens for TRX with no transaction fees. Smart contracts handle all transactions in the network, executing exchange operations through users’ wallets. Every transaction record is safely and reliably stored on the [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain). 
 
## Tron MMORPG 
 
Tron Legend was an online game that showed that Tron could be used as the base for MMORPGs. The game mechanic was based on innovative and collective task-solving. Unique design and events triggered through [smart contracts](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) allowed players to enjoy the benefits of Tron blockchain’s ecosystem, and distribute the dividends earned on the platform among wallets. 
 
## Tron NFT Marketplaces 
 
An NFT-based Tron marketplace can be a possible use case for painters, musicians, and other creators where they could tokenize their works. Tron’s interoperability can make them trade NFTs without strict reference to a particular marketplace, benefitting from multi-currency support, bundling, and other related functionality. With Tron’s feature of high liquidity, creators could use their tokens as collateral for cash or liquid money. In addition to that, Tron can establish a standard for single trading on the marketplace, according to which there should be universal rules of funds’ transfer, ownership, and access control. The system will automatically enforce individual properties on them and limit the volumes of work to be converted into NFTs. 
 
# Criticism 
 
## TRON accused of plagiarizing [Filecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/filecoin), [IPFS ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ipfs)whitepapers[\[11\]](#cite-id-edq0vhdg55i) 
 
In January 2018, Juan Benet, the CEO at Protocol Labs, revealed, via a Tweet, that the white paper of TRON copied portions of the white papers from IPFSbot and MineFilecoin, without a single reference. Researchers from Digital Asset Research (DAR) discovered several instances of code copied from other projects in the base of Tron code. It is also accused of violating the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0 (LGPL) because the project doesn't mention that its client was derived from EthereumJ - a Java implementation of [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum). However, these accusations were denied by the TRON Foundation, the organization behind the design of the system. 
 
## TRON suffered from a critical bug that could've crashed its entire blockchain[\[2\]](#cite-id-0h991z33g07) 
 
In May 2019, the cyber-security testing service HackerOne revealed that just one computer could have brought TRON's entire [blockchain ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain)to a halt. The revelation showed that a barrage of requests sent by a single PC could be used to squeeze the power of the blockchain's CPU, overload the memory, and perform a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. 
 
## Algorithmic stablecoin loses its peg as TRON's USDD fails[\[3\]](#cite-id-w7ovycriz8) 
 
On 13 June 2022, Tron's algorithmic [stablecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin), USDD, lost its peg to the US dollar dipping to as low as 91 cents, as crypto markets nosedived as investors grew increasingly concerned about persistently high inflation, tightening financial conditions and a potential recession. 
 
 
# Legal issues 
 
## Tron Arbitration Challenged in Hostile Work Environment Lawsuit[\[1\]](#cite-id-2148ed1bhff) 
 
A legal challenge is calling on a court to overturn an order allowing the central organization developing the Tron [cryptocurrency ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency)to privately litigate a lawsuit through arbitration. 
Richard Hall and Lukasz Juraszek, employees who were fired from the Tron Foundation in 2019, filed a writ of mandamus with the First District Court of Appeal in California in San Francisco on June 17, 2020 to reverse arbitration in a lawsuit alleging wrongful termination and hostile work practices at BitTorrent, a file-sharing service acquired in 2018 by the Tron Foundation. In March, 2020, the San Francisco Superior Court approved the Tron Foundation and BitTorrent's request to settle the lawsuit in arbitration instead of in court.

Tron is a decentralized, blockchain-based, open-source protocol supporting various kinds of blockchain networks and smart contract systems including bitcoin, Et...

TRON

Shiba Inu is an [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum)-based ecosystem displaying the image of the Japanese breed dog Shiba Inu. It originated in August 2020 with its [ERC-20](https://iq.wiki/wiki/erc-20) Token Shiba Inu (SHIB), which was created as an imitation of the memecoin [Dogecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dogecoin) (DOGE). Currently, the project is an ecosystem that supports [Non-Fungible Token](https://iq.wiki/wiki/non-fungible-token-nft)s (NFTs) with its [Decentralized Exchange](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-exchange), ShibaSwap.  
  
# $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](jklp5b-edJI)$$  
  
# Overview  
  
Three types of tokens are available in Shiba Inu:  
  
* Shiba Inu (SHIB), which is the main currency that the ecosystem is known for. The initial launch had a total supply of 1 quadrillion tokens, from which around 40% was burned by [Vitalik Buterin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/vitalik-buterin) in the early stages of the project[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm)  
* Leash (LEASH), with a total supply of 107,636 tokens, is the second incentivized token on ShibaSwap and it’s a medium of reward for liquidity providers. It was initially created to be a token tied to the price of [DogeCoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dogecoin), but later it was decided that it would remain as a simple [ERC-20](https://iq.wiki/wiki/erc-20) Token[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm)  
* Bone (BONE), with a total supply of 250,000,000 tokens, is a governance token that allows holders to vote on upcoming proposals. Holding a greater amount of this token grants more weight to the holder’s vote[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm)  
  
The ecosystem also includes the NFT incubator project called Shiba Incubator and its own DEX called Shibaswap, where SHIB, LEASH, and BONE can be traded and staked for rewards.  
  
## ShibaSwap  
  
ShibaSwap is a [decentralized exchange ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-exchange) (DEX) proper of the Shiba Inu ecosystem. Its goal is to provide a safe place to trade cryptocurrency while remaining decentralized.[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm)  
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](zyp7GIXaRAw)$$  
The ecosystem utilizes its own terminology to describe [DeFi](https://iq.wiki/wiki/defi) concepts. “Dig” means to provide liquidity, “bury” to stake, and “fetch” to exchange one token for another. Users (called “shibas”) generate “woof” returns (rewards) that are distributed to pools called “puppy pools”. The term “bonefolio” is also mentioned to refer to the user’s portfolio.[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm)  
  
Users can stake their tokens or deposit them into liquidity pools.  
  
In case of staking, users can get xSHIB, xLEASH, or tBONE, depending on the staked token.  
  
![Screen Shot 2022-12-02 at 11.03.02 AM.png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmRV5iBTybVhwuVTjb37FVNzqAUj7iEVBbyZc2rYFTMavz)  
In case of providing liquidity, users get SSLP (ShibaSwap Liquidity Protocol) tokens.  
  
![Screen Shot 2022-12-02 at 11.03.21 AM.png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmT5tEQcemcyTXxq2Her4bCWMeeEdFp62Le7fu8HTfj4EP)  
  
### SHIB Tokens  
  
When staked, users get xSHIB in exchange, and rewards in the form of BONE tokens are given. xSHIB holders get a share of the 3% of all BONE Per Block (BPM) that is allocated to the SHIB pool, which also collects 0.1% of all [ETH](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) swap transaction fees that take ace on ShibaSwap. Additionally, 0.05% of the allocated swap fees (fees from any transaction within ShibaSwap excluding [ETH](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum), WBTC, [DAI](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dai), USDT, and [USDC](https://iq.wiki/wiki/usdc)) are distributed into the staking pools.[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm)  
  
On the other side, in case the token is utilized to provide liquidity, users get SHIB-ETH SSLP tokens in exchange, which represent their share on the corresponding pool.[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm)  
  
### LEASH Tokens  
  
When users stake their LEASH tokens, they get xLEASH. Users get a stake of 1% of all BPM minted plus 0.05% of swap fees that are distributed in the staking pools. When liquidity is provided, users get LEASH-ETH SSLP tokens representing their share on the pool, which gathers 0.01% of all WBTC swap transactions and 0.1% of all USDC swap transactions.[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm)  
  
### BONE Tokens  
  
When staked, tBONE is generated, which grants the user a share of the 1% of BPB allocation to tBONE holders. Furthermore, 0.05% of the swap fees are distributed into the same pools. When providing liquidity, BONE SSLP token is offered. Its corresponding pool collects 0.1% of all DAI swap returns and 0.1% of all USDT swap returns.[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm)  
  
## Shiba Incubator  
  
Previously known as the Artist Incubator, Shiba Incubator is the [NFT](https://iq.wiki/wiki/non-fungible-token-nft) project of the platform where artistic initiatives, such as painting, photography, and digital rendering, are supported and encouraged through funding. The platform invites artists interested in getting support for their NFT work, which later can be displayed, sold, or auctioned through ShibaSwap.[\[2\]](#cite-id-m6y62lj6g1)[\[3\]](#cite-id-s709d4pm3w)  
  
![image](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmR6AGGf6fNXtWAkCDEgegK3c91mZYyqZuVaFyaywtHkfx)  
  
# Controversy  
  
The project was created as an alternative of [DOGE](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dogecoin) coin by an anonymous developer called Ryoshi. It aimed to be “the Dogecoin killer” as SHIB’s value is “primed and ready to overtake the value of Dogecoin”[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm).  
  
The initial launch was of a total supply of one quadrillion tokens, where 50% was allocated to [Vitalik Buterin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/vitalik-buterin)’s wallet[\[4\]](#cite-id-clnrqy6t10d). Buterin donated one billion USD of SHIB to the India Covid Relief fund and burned the remaining tokens, with a value of 410.24 trillion SHIB, an approximate 40% of the total supply[\[1\]](#cite-id-z2jrppxoomm).  
  
##   
  
## Shibarium  
  
On June 2022, Unification Foundation, the team behind SHIB’s Layer 2 solution “Shibarium”, announced that a public beta was planned for the ecosystem, where BONE would be the utilized as a transaction medium.[\[5\]](#cite-id-3f3d06otq1w)  
   
This solution targets the commonly associated problems with[ Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum), such as low transaction fees and speeds. In this sense, Shibarium aims to improve on the scalability aspect. Other benefits that it attempts to provide are higher throughput, token utility, DApp accelerator, and metaverse development.[\[6\]](#cite-id-8rnviyxw61)  
 

Shiba Inu is an Ethereum-based ecosystem displaying the image of the Japanese breed dog Shiba Inu

Shiba Inu

The IQ token is a [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) dedicated to the future of knowledge. The IQ token powers [IQ.wiki](https://iq.wiki/wiki/iqwiki), the world's largest cryptocurrency encyclopedia. The IQ token is both a governance and DeFi token with IQ stakers governing the platform and earning rewards. The token is managed by [BrainDAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/braindao) and backed by BrainDAO's treasury of IQ tokens, [stablecoins](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin), blue chip [NFTs](https://iq.wiki/wiki/non-fungible-token-nft), and other digital assets. [\[29\]](#cite-id-v44xvtrng6g)  
  
## IQ.wiki  
  
The IQ token is integral to [IQ.wiki](https://iq.wiki/wiki/iqwiki). IQ token holders who stake their tokens with the HiIQ staking system, vote on governance decisions involving both the platform and the IQ token itself. IQ token stakers also earn IQ token rewards from staking their tokens with HiIQ and for contributing to the IQ.wiki platform.  
  
After the beta period, IQ.wiki plans on introducing HiIQ Brain Pass NFTs for IQ stakers which will provide several benefits including the ability to edit on IQ.wiki. Users will also be able to acquire the NFTs by purchasing them with IQ tokens. ![iq.wiki-launch-image.png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/Qmeuj5aHib3xVVvwVjcZ24tR6r1HzPTiHTQPMFsTr5cwy7)  
  
## BrainDAO  
  
The IQ token is managed by [BrainDAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/braindao) which is governed by IQ stakers. The value of the IQ token is also backed by BrainDAO's treasury of IQ tokens, stablecoins, blue chip NFTs, and other digital assets. BrainDAO's portfolio of [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum), IQ tokens, [stablecoins](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin), blue chip [NFTs](https://iq.wiki/wiki/non-fungible-token-nft), and other digital assets back the value of the IQ token. By September 2022, the BrainDAO treasury amassed over $2 million in wrapped ethereum and over $5 million in total assets. The BrainDAO treasury is fully governed by IQ token stakers. The treasury accumulated ETH over time through [Olympus](https://iq.wiki/wiki/olympus-dao) Pro bonds. The BrainDAO treasury has also accumulated [FRAX](https://iq.wiki/wiki/frax-finance) stablecoins through the Time-Weighted Average Market Maker (TWAMM) on Fraxswap. [\[17\]](#cite-id-rgsj06zfo8c)  
  
## Liquidity  
  
### Centralized Exchanges  
  
The IQ token was listed on the world's largest cryptocurrency exchange, [Binance](https://iq.wiki/wiki/binance), in June of 2020. The IQ token is also listed on [Crypto.com](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocom) and [Upbit](https://iq.wiki/wiki/upbit), South Korea's largest cryptocurrency exchange. [\[23\]](#cite-id-hjtznf7yytg) [\[24\]](#cite-id-8zijyz466wb) [\[25\]](#cite-id-lwxw9tub2w) [\[26\]](#cite-id-4j4ognpk17o) [\[22\]](#cite-id-tbhv4qw390q)  
  
### Fraxswap  
  
In September of 2022, the IQ token was listed with an IQ-FRAX pair on Fraxswap, the first constant product [automated market maker](https://iq.wiki/wiki/automated-market-maker) with an embedded time-weighted average market maker (TWAMM) Fraxswap is the first constant product automated market maker with an embedded time-weighted average market maker (TWAMM). The IQ-FRAX pool is incentivized with IQ token rewards and FXS rewards for IQ-FRAX liquidity providers. [\[27\]](#cite-id-m84mjjn0uar) [\[28\]](#cite-id-87ndafzypxt)  
  
![iq-fraxswap.png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmY1vxwXrhT8yEiq9DgK4usA8HV5pPrMjMvBK1o28DZTPP)  
  
## HiIQ  
  
HiIQ launched on August 4, 2021, and was created to incentivize IQ holders to become long-term holders who stake and lock up their IQ tokens. The HiIQ staking system allows IQ holders to choose how long they want to lock up their IQ for in addition to the number of IQ tokens they would like to stake. The greater the amount of IQ locked and the greater the length of time the tokens are locked the greater the HiIQ balance of the staker. The greater the HiIQ balance the greater the amount of IQ token rewards a staker will receive and the greater the voting power they will have on governance votes. In addition to IQ token rewards, HiIQ stakers also have the ability to participate in NFT raffles. [\[18\]](#cite-id-mu4iissneli)  
  
As of October 2022, HiIQ stakers have earned over 400 million IQ tokens. By March 2022, IQ holders had staked a record 1.5 billion HiIQ, with the majority of stakers locking up their tokens for over 3.5 years. IQ holders have staked more than 454 million IQ tokens with HiIQ.  [\[19\]](#cite-id-2qp68l1ed88)  
  
![1billionstaked-blankwall.png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmaLhzqdAVrKjUe4Hx2pjcLYQDQMvJYQ6m9svFwdX4z4J2)  
  
### Technical Background  
  
HiIQ is a vesting and yield system based off of Curve’s veCRV mechanism. Users may lock up their IQ for up to 4 years for four times the amount of HiIQ (e.g. 100 IQ locked for 4 years returns 400 HiIQ). HiIQ is not a transferable token nor does it trade on liquid markets. It is more akin to an account-based point system that signifies the vesting duration of the wallet's locked IQ tokens within the protocol. The HiIQ balance linearly decreases as tokens approach their lock expiry, approaching 1 HiIQ per 1 IQ at zero lock time remaining. This design encourages long-term staking and an active community. Sushiswap has proposed a similar implementation with their recently announced oSushi token. A sample graph (Curve’s veCRV) illustrating the decrease can be found at this address.  
  
### NFT Raffles  
  
HiIQ NFT raffles are powered by [Chainlink](https://iq.wiki/wiki/chainlink) Verifiable Random Function (VRF) on Polygon for HiIQ stakers, ensuring that winners are quickly and randomly chosen in a provably fair manner. IQ holders who stake their IQ with HiIQ will have the chance to get limited edition NFTs in addition to IQ token rewards for staking. Every HiIQ token a user holds acts as a raffle ticket which means that the more HiIQ token they have, the higher chances they have to win the NFT raffle.  
  
The first NFT raffle included 15 NFTs from the Juicy J’s Journey collection which was created by the Academy Award-winning and Grammy Award-nominated hip hop artist Juicy J in collaboration with Everipedia. In February 2022, IQ.wiki (known as Everipedia at the time) and Zipcy’s SuperNomal raffled off 15 Zipcy’s SuperNormal NFTs to HiIQ stakers using Chainlink VRF on Polygon to celebrate Korean Seollal and Chinese New Year. In July of 2022, IQ.wiki held the largest [ENS](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ens) raffle, raffling off 100 of 100k Club ENS to HiIQ stakers. By September of 2022, the floor price of the NFTs had doubled from 0.02 ETH to over 0.04 ETH. [\[20\]](#cite-id-0hyp4jm3gyl7) [\[21\]](#cite-id-4539vivnmx7)  
  
## Tokenomics  
  
### IQIP-14: New IQ Tokenomics for the New IQ.wiki Platform  
  
On October 11, 2022, a proposal IQIP-14: New IQ Tokenomics for IQ.wiki went up for voting. The proposal involved setting up new tokenomics for the IQ token. The proposal involved moving to a halvening model for the IQ token like Bitcoin and FXS which provides higher initial emissions to incentivize early adopters and gradually lowers emissions to ensure long-term sustainability. The vote passed with over 750 million HiIQ voting in favor of the proposal. [\[30\]](#cite-id-i4x0yfw41hq)  
  
On November 1, 2022, the [BrainDAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/braindao) team implemented the proposal in the largest update to the IQ tokenomics since the launch of the IQ token in 2018.  
  
### Maximum Supply  
  
In June of 2021, the maximum supply of IQ was permanently hard-capped at 21 billion IQ tokens to minimize the risk of dilution and to bring the IQ token in line with Bitcoin's maximum supply cap of 21 million tokens.  
  
## Origins  
  
### Airdrop and Initial Distribution  
  
In 2018, the IQ token launched and the Everipedia encyclopedia moved onto the blockchain. On July 12, 2018, Everipedia airdropped 51% of the IQ token supply to EOS holders. Everipedia Co-Founder and CTO Travis Moore explained that by doing an airdrop Everipedia would ensure the widest possible distribution of IQ tokens with every EOS holder receiving tokens.[\[16\]](#cite-id-4byw438o0tt)  
  
> "The airdrop will play a significant role in helping Everipedia accomplish as wide of a distribution as possible for IQ tokens."  
  
\~3.5% of the tokens marked for the airdrop were not airdropped since those tokens were held by exchanges that did not support the airdrop. These tokens were instead re-invested into the Everipedia ecosystem through the IQ Fund. [\[31\]](#cite-id-pajfo93ffos)  
  
About 15.7% of the supply was locked up for founders and early backers. These tokens vested throughout a period that began on May 4th, 2020 and ended on May 4th, 2022.   
  
10% of the initial supply was held by the company, as a treasury. The company treasury has been used for partnerships, development, and other ecosystem and IQ growth initiatives. The original account for the team treasury was ytehekdmilty.   
  
About 14.7% of the initial supply was held by EOS VC. Almost exactly 5% of the initial supply was held by the IQ Fund. A fund of tokens we have committed to using/investing to support developers and projects looking to build IQ token related products and DeFi dApps. The IQ Fund’s tokens might be sold periodically for stablecoin equivalents to keep the fund rebalanced and in good standing. The initial account for the IQ Fund was everipediavc. 

The IQ token is a cryptocurrency dedicated to the future of knowledge. The IQ token powers IQ.wiki.

IQ token

**Internet Computer** is a limitless blockchain network that allows the creation of most web-based services on an even more secure and decentralized protocol. [\[3\]](#cite-id-0d7tt5mgdhwn) The Internet Computer is powered by the Internet Computer Protocol (ICP) token formerly known as DFN, that enables users re-create the web and power apps in a more propagated form, pay fees for transactions on the blockchain (serves as a gas for transaction), reward participants or data centers and make governance decisions where holders can vote on the future of the network. The ICP token is a utility token that plays key roles in the Internet Computer network.[\[8\]](#cite-id-oaimkt8h0gg) [\[9\]](#cite-id-w67h42f0tp)  
  
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](nvgzxedJtfE)$$  
  
# History  
  
In early 2016, Internet Computer came as an idea conceived by Dominic Williams, the chief scientist, founder and orchestrator of DFINITY. DFINITY, a not-for-profit digital foundation that developed and maintained the Internet Computer project for 5 years before its official launch. [\[5\]](#cite-id-q0gikincu5) [\[6\]](#cite-id-ta6mfbu73de) Until 2018, funding rounds were conducted for Dfinity which raised about $121 million from contributors namely [Andreessen Horowitz](https://iq.wiki/wiki/andreessen-horowitz), [Polychain Capital](https://iq.wiki/wiki/polychain-capital), Aspect Ventures [\[16\]](#cite-id-zegbsrshxpb), including an [initial coin offering](https://iq.wiki/wiki/initial-coin-offering) (ICO) in 2017 before the network token was distributed. The token worth about $35 million via an airdrop [\[13\]](#cite-id-qjee1atb1xt) in 2018.  
  
By 2019, a full development of the token started with the release of Copper and the ICP went live in May 2021. It enabled the reach for [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) singularity. That is, a blockchain that is able to run the web from hostage to storage and services, having everything in a secure protocol without the interference of a third-party. Ethereum alike, ICP allows the launch of decentralized applications (DApps) in its network but makes use of the upgraded version of smart contracts (as present in blockchains like Ethereum) in the ICP network called Canisters. [\[14\]](#cite-id-8ceviw8th8a)  
According to the founder, the Internet Computer Protocol (ICP) token symbolizes the third major innovation in [blockchain ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain)technology after [Bitcoin ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin)and [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum). This innovation is perceived as one evolving the internet into its next big event.  
  
> Internet Computer has come to put an end to big tech monopolies and replace the overly circulated cloud service system with a more decentralized world network and having an eye on becoming an extension of the internet\_\_ says Dominic Williams  
  
## **Overview**  
  
Internet Computer (ICP) was launched in 2021 by Dfinity Foundation, founded by Dominic Williams. The network is designed to allow all developers, enterprises, and business owners build and deploy software on the "open internet". The creators plan to replace and improve the current private internet infrastructure to one that eliminates the need to totally rely on security platforms and existing technologies. [\[12\]](#cite-id-y0btor34pyo) The main idea therefore is to have a decentralized global network powered by a blockchain technology that is fast enough to supports and run the entire base layer of the web, including [Web 3 ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/web3)and [DeFi ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/defi)applications.  
  
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](XgsOKP224Zw)$$  
The Internet Computer operates on a technology called Chain Key Technology [\[11\]](#cite-id-gwtcjg9rrs8) which consists of other systems namely Network Nervous System (NNS), Internet Identity, and Threshold Relay Consensus among others. Thousands of nodes run to secure the network which forms subnets when grouped. These subnets have a [Proof-of-Stake](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-stake) (PoS) mechanism such that the more tokens are staked the more the reward.  
  
Upon the official launch of the network's token in 2021, a massive price swing occurred. From $640 to $250, prices dropped in the early hours of its launch [\[15\]](#cite-id-lud8ywxrx1o) with over 469,213,710 coin in circulation due to being listed in quick succession on several major crypto exchanges. A day after the launch, prices recovered at about 70% from the previous, but subsided soon after. Investors supported its growth, sold and bought dips and since then, prices have been at the minimum and decreasing. Despite this, the network is presently vaulting into the top 10 valuable digital tokens space among known names as [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum), [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin), [Dogecoin ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dogecoin)and others.  
  
## **Tokenomics**  
  
Coin base Pro exchange first saw the trading operations of the Internet Computer (ICP) tokens. There are two native tokens involved on the Internet Computer network, and they include  
  
* **ICP** an exclusive control token for managing the network  
* **Cycles** a stable coin used to support computation, similar to the "gas fee" for Ethereum. Just that users do not need to pay for gas fee when working with Canisters, unless transactions are involved.  
  
ICP token is the used more and can be locked in the **Network Nervous System (NNS)**, an algorithm protocol system that runs the network. They can also be converted into cycles, as gas fee for computation using containers. This process involves burning ICP tokens to convert to Cycles for computation and it is termed deflationary.  
  
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](H2p5q0PR2pc)$$  
  
### ICP Functionality  
  
The ICP token helps with the operation of the Internet Computer blockchain and the following outlines its core use cases.  
  
* The node(s) that offers storage infrastructure to the Internet Computer Blockchain receives **ICP rewards**.  
* ICP holders can stake their tokens to create Neutrons and vote on proposals related to core aspects of the Internet Computer.  
* ICP serves as fuel for storage or computation.  
* it serves as a transaction fee when submitting new proposals to the NNS.  
  
**ICP Burns Cycle Analysis**  
![ICPtoCycles.jpg](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmW2oSkRyMRCxrFftwvFe3rWxSZ8iCkHjozs4qJ8LLimfB)  
  
## **Market Cap**  
  
The current live market cap of the ICP is over $1.4 billion ranking #38 in the CoinMarketCap [\[17\]](#cite-id-au66tht8qdj)  
  
## **The Future of Internet Computer (ICP)**  
  
The Internet Computer plans to become a solid competition and alternative to today's internet within the next decade. Announcing the 20 Year Map in the Medium article [\[18\]](#cite-id-rlxi61fakz), the Internet Computer plans to obviate the companies controlling the present centralized internet, such as Facebook, Google, Microsoft and Amazon.  
Although the project has received a series of backlash, in the long run, the ICP token and its blockchain promises to be a assuring investment.

The Internet Computer Overview, History and Tokenomics. 

Internet Computer (ICP)

Released on March 17, 2022, ApeCoin is an ERC-20 native token of the APE ecosystem, a popularly adopted project launched by Yuga Labs. The token launched on the Ethereum blockchain and initially served as a reward for the holders of the [Bored Ape Yacht Club](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bored-ape-yacht-club#apecoin-7) (BAYC) and Mutant Ape Yacht Club (MAYC) NFTs.[\[1\]](#cite-id-crv8ihxwcmc) 
 
 
 
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](B1i71aJk0Cs)$$ 
 
# **Overview** 
 
ApeCoin was introduced to empower Yuga Lab in the decentralized ecosystem. It is also set to become a leading currency in the metaverse economy. The [ERC-20 ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/erc-20)governance and utility token allow ApeCoin holders to participate in ecosystem governance through the ApeCoin DAO, facilitate transactions, and enable token holders to share without requiring any central authority.[\[2\]](#cite-id-usue4vbfki)[\[3\]](#cite-id-6y4d820su4j) 
 
The token operates as the open-source protocol layer, offering holders incentives and other benefits. Built on the Ethereum blockchain, it employs the [Proof-of-Work](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-stake) consensus mechanism for validation and security.[\[4\]](#cite-id-yhx2z1wxj7) 
 
# **History** 
 
Following the wide adoption of the BAYC by NFTs investors and celebrities and the introduction of MAYC, the founder of this project introduced ApeCoin to reward the ecosystem. Hence, when ApeCoin was released, it was distributed to NFTs holders through a claimable airdrop. 
ApeCoin started trading on March 17, 2022 after the distribution and reached a higher trading volume and a price peak of above $39 in 24 hours 
 
Yuga Lab introduced ApeCoin after it acquired the CryptoPunk [NFT](https://iq.wiki/wiki/non-fungible-token-nft). Afterward, ApeCoin becomes a multipurpose token in the ecosystem and metaverse. ApeCoin was useful in other ecosystems like the Benji Bananas introduced by Animoca Brand and become a forefront currency in [web3 ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/web3)and metaverse.[\[5\]](#cite-id-q68tnmd96b8) [\[6\]](#cite-id-0o0sqtfgv04) [\[7\]](#cite-id-t535q47wzs) [\[8\]](#cite-id-sdawhr3xrv) 
 
# **Utility** 
 
**Governance:** ApeCoin allows token holders to participate in decision-making through the ApeCoin DAO. 
 
**Unification of Spend:** After the launch of ApeCoin, the token becomes a unified currency giving every member an open and shared currency to facilitate transactions.[\[1\]](#cite-id-crv8ihxwcmc) 
 
**Access:** ApeCoin grants holders exclusive access to merch, games, events and other services in the ecosystem.[\[1\]](#cite-id-crv8ihxwcmc) 
 
**Incentivization**: ApeCoin is a ready tool allowing third-party developers to participate in the ecosystem once they incorporate the token into games, projects or other services.[\[1\]](#cite-id-crv8ihxwcmc) 
ApeCoin was accepted as a payment in several platforms including Gucci 
Aside from the above use cases, ApeCoin is used to stake and participate in any of the four staking pools in the APE ecosystem. It was also used for the payment for land sales in Yuga Lab metaverse projects. [\[9\]](#cite-id-rfcclos50u) 
 
# **ApeCoin DAO** 
 
Yuga Labs acknowledged the need for decentralized governance for a true cryptocurrency. Hence, it introduced the ApeCoin DAO to provide the token holders with this critical governance power. 
By holding ApeCoin, you automatically qualify to become a DAO member. ApeCoin DAO is responsible for governing the activities regarding the token, including issues like using treasury funds, voting for or against any proposals, use of ecosystem intellectual property, and other suggested projects related to the coin.[\[10\]](#cite-id-y17oig5p4q) 
The APE “Improvement Proposal Process” allows DAO members to decide on more things like Fund allocations, projects, and governance rules. [\[11\]](#cite-id-ypesn964po8) 
 
* **ApeCoin DAO decides that the coin stays on the Ethereum blockchain** 
 
Yuga Labs revealed that users paid over $177 million for gas fees and eventually clogged up the Ethereum network during the Otherside Land Minting. For this reason, the company announced on April 30 that ApeCoin needs to move to its blockchain. Avalanche offered the community a subnet with high speed and low gas fees. 
The ApeCoin DAO and Yuga Labs were left with deciding whether to move to the new blockchain or stay on Ethereum. The DAO eventually voted to remain on Ethereum Blockchain. [\[12\]](#cite-id-tg31w8rn3f8) 
 
# **The Board** 
 
To enhance the decentralization and autonomy of the [DAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dao), Yuga Lab revealed that it has no total control or ownership of the DAO. Hence, transfer control to the Ape Foundation where five of the DAO members are selected as the Board to control operations and other affairs of the community. Other members (ApeCoin holders) have the right to decide who the next Board should be. The Board usually consists of highly rated crypto investors. [\[13\]](#cite-id-ke21arumdh) 
 
The Board is responsible for discussing proposals and overseeing other foundation administrations. 
 
## **Board Members** 
 
Alexis Ohanian (Co-founder of Reddit; General Partner & Founder of Seven Seven Six) 
Amy Wu (Head of Ventures & Gaming at FTX) 
Maaria Bajwa (Principal at Sound Ventures) 
Yat Siu (Co-founder & Chairman of Animoca Brands) 
Dean Steinbeck (President & General Counsel at Horizen Labs) [\[14\]](#cite-id-aaohhwlck2k) 
 
## **Ape Foundation IP** 
 
Yuga Labs gifted APE Foundation a 1 of 1 NFT. The company conveyed all rights and privileges to this NFT and its underlying artwork to the APE Foundation. It allowed the ApeCoin DAO to decide how to use this intellectual property. [\[15\]](#cite-id-02yh26r5fu6s) 
 
# **ApeCoin Adoption** 
 
With the uproar created by the BAYC NFTs, ApeCoin was readily embraced in the ecosystem. ApeCoin was ranked one of the most mentioned coins on Twitter, Reddit, and LunarCrush. [\[16\]](#cite-id-w2fus5tin5j) 
 
The token provides early holders of BAYC and MAYC with a reward of 10,094 and 2042 ApeCoin respectively. It creates investment opportunities for crypto traders. For instance, crypto traders can follow market forecasts and predictions to make buying and selling decisions. [\[17\]](#cite-id-t5v6u0m53pb) 
 
Similarly, the top fashion brand, Gucci, proceeded to accept ApeCoin as one of their payment options.[\[2\]](#cite-id-usue4vbfki) 
 
# **Benefits** 
 
Aside from granting holders voting power, ApeCoin provides other benefits. The token grants holders reasonable access to other parts of the ecosystem, including exclusive games and services, merch, and events. 
Third-party developers can also incorporate APE into their ecosystem through ApeCoin. [\[18\]](#cite-id-mcz5ka2vsk9) 
 
# **Token Allocation** 
 
Total supply – 1 billion tokens 
 
| 62% | ApeCoin DAO | 
| --- | ----------- | 
| 16% | Yuga Labs + Charity | 
| 14% | Contributors | 
| 8% | Founders | 
 
## **Allocation explained** 
 
Of the 1 billion tokens, 62% is allocated to the ecosystem. Yuga Labs gifted 150,000,000 of the supply BAYC holders and MAYC holders unlocked after launch. Another 470,000,000 tokens of the 62% are earmarked for the DAO treasury and resources. [\[19\]](#cite-id-t7nqjjo88om) 
 
The 16% token allocated to Yuga Labs and Charity was initially locked for 12 months. Afterward, 4,166,666.67 were unlocked monthly for 36 months. 10,000,000 tokens of the 16% were donated to the Jane Goodall Legacy Foundation. The donation was initially locked for 12 months and then accessible in 277,777.78 tokens per month for 36 months. The 14% token allocated to contribute was also lockup. [\[20\]](#cite-id-dor3g9fbcgq) 
 
# **Minting and Burning Mechanism** 
 
The token contract interface prevents the minting of more tokens. Also, ApeCoin is not designed as a deflationary token; hence, it does not come with any burning mechanism. In essence, ApeCoin cannot increase or decrease in total supply. [\[21\]](#cite-id-qz3mo70avf) 
 
# **ApeCoin Staking** 
 
The APE ecosystem has a [staking ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/staking)protocol to incentivize tokens holder when they lock up their tokens in a pool for a particular period. In the ecosystem, there are four staking pools 
 
* Pool 1: Accessible to ApeCoin holders and anyone holding ApeCoin combined with BAYC, MAYC, and BAKC NFTs. 
* Pool 2: Accessible to anyone holding both ApeCoin and BAYC NFT. 
* Pool 3: Accessible to those holding ApeCoin and MAYC NFT. 
* Pool 4: Accessible ApeCoin holders with BAKC NFT and either a BAYC or MAYC NFT. [\[22\]](#cite-id-c6fynmiiww) 
 
![image](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/Qmc6u3hMqrwZe7Cn5Yt1N2oeBss9MDSjJLcfUeCF7a2bPq) 
 
## **The Staking Amendment Proposal** 
 
Although ApeCoin holders can stake or unstake their tokens at any time, with the staking amendment, the amount of tokens to be staked will be capped per NFT. With this, holders of multiple NFTs can stake more coins. [\[23\]](#cite-id-gz9ba8y982b) 
 
With this proposal, holders of one or two BAYC NFTs and the right amount of ApeCoin can access Pool 2. Also, splitting BAYC into different wallets comes with no reward. 
 
In effect, when users stake their ApeCoins, the NFT serves as a "key vault" for the staked token and is, therefore, not staked. Holders have two options when they intend to sell the NFT. First, they can leave the staked ApeCoin and sell together with the NFT. When this happens, the selling party can no longer unstake the token, but the buyer can unstake and claim its reward. Conversely, a BAYC NFT holder can decide to unstake the staked token, claim it, and then sell the NFT.[\[24\]](#cite-id-cglplafw7i) 
 
* **ApeCoin Geo-Block North American Users from staking token** 
 
With the launch of ApeStake.io coming up on December 12, the APE ecosystem has released its geo-blocking regulation where users or community members in the United States, Syria, Canada, Iran, Russia, Cuba, Luhansk, and Donetsk were blocked from staking. However, the ecosystem remains accessible to all. [\[25\]](#cite-id-r7d1vxrov2) 
 
Yuga Labs declares that while the company understands that this may prove difficult for some members, the new regulation left it with no alternative. 
 
# **Major event** 
 
Yuga Labs has revealed bigger plans for ApeCoin, including integrating the token into some of its plans. For instance, ApeCoin will be the de facto currency in some of its projects to be embarked on by Yuga Labs. It also has a place in the Yuga Labs’ metaverse projects, including otherside.[\[26\]](#cite-id-zmci074v5zr) 
 
![ap1.jpg](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmV3Lp2f5eigL66E3BFSNLEvRoByk8sicvHfS2BpY7fhBd) 
Also, ApeCoin DAO recently launched its DAO NFTs white-label marketplace using the Snag Solutions infrastructure. The marketplace is set to list BAYC and MAYC NFTs and other collections from Yuga Labs.[\[27\]](#cite-id-qch22brqn6j) 
 
# **REFERENCES** 
 
[\[1\]](#cite-id-crv8ihxwcmc)[\[2\]](#cite-id-usue4vbfki)[\[3\]](#cite-id-6y4d820su4j)[\[4\]](#cite-id-yhx2z1wxj7)[\[5\]](#cite-id-q68tnmd96b8)[\[6\]](#cite-id-0o0sqtfgv04)[\[7\]](#cite-id-t535q47wzs)[\[8\]](#cite-id-sdawhr3xrv)[\[10\]](#cite-id-y17oig5p4q)[\[11\]](#cite-id-ypesn964po8)[\[12\]](#cite-id-tg31w8rn3f8)[\[13\]](#cite-id-ke21arumdh)[\[14\]](#cite-id-aaohhwlck2k)[\[15\]](#cite-id-02yh26r5fu6s)[\[16\]](#cite-id-w2fus5tin5j)[\[17\]](#cite-id-t5v6u0m53pb)[\[18\]](#cite-id-mcz5ka2vsk9)[\[19\]](#cite-id-t7nqjjo88om)[\[20\]](#cite-id-dor3g9fbcgq)[\[21\]](#cite-id-qz3mo70avf)[\[22\]](#cite-id-c6fynmiiww)[\[23\]](#cite-id-gz9ba8y982b)[\[24\]](#cite-id-cglplafw7i)[\[25\]](#cite-id-r7d1vxrov2)[\[26\]](#cite-id-zmci074v5zr)[\[27\]](#cite-id-qch22brqn6j) 
 
 
 
![download (1).png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmNzG6ayfRvddNBgTjCQ5MWfAfrUQPNgHDTY7otGjKd3GK)

Providing an in-depth insight on ApeCoin, the ERC-20 native utility and governance token of the APE ecosystem. 
Apecoin empowers holders with DAO power while pr...

ApeCoin 

**The Open Network (TON)** is a fully decentralized layer1 blockchain, originally developed by Telegram and currently managed by the community. It was designed to onboard billions of users and offers ultra-fast transactions, tiny fees, and easy-to-use apps.[\[1\]](#cite-id-hztm6wwwkqi) 
 
**TONCOIN** (previously known as **Gram**), is the principal cryptocurrency of TON Blockchain, particularly its master chain and basic workchain. [\[2\]](#cite-id-6lskq0ua01w) It is used to make deposits required to become a TON validator, pay transaction fees, gas payments, and persistent storage payments. [\[1\]](#cite-id-hztm6wwwkqi) 
 
During an Interview in December 2017, Durav (founder and CEO of telegram) announced that telegram would begin monetizing in early 2018 [\[3\]](#cite-id-w0ua1fba9dc) 
 
In January 2018, Techcrunch confirmed that telegram plans to launch a project named The Open Network, and its cryptocurrency (Gram). [\[4\]](#cite-id-5uuc6sebuwq) Later that January, Telegram released a white paper and a technical paper for the telegram open network. The project which has been on since 2017, was in active development until 2020. During this time, TON raised money through private sales of Gram Tokens. [\[5\]](#cite-id-ahf2y3yfi18) 
 
In February and March 2018, investors bought the first Gram tokens at a price of $0.37 and $1.33, respectively. Gram broke records for the second-largest token sale of all time, having raised $1.7billion from its ICO. [\[5\]](#cite-id-ahf2y3yfi18) 
 
 
In 2019, The telegram team released a series of documents detailing the design of TON blockchain. The team launched the first TON testnet in the spring of 2019, after which the code became open-source, and testnet2 launched on Nov. 15, 2019. 
 
October 2019, the US Securities and Exchange Commission, sued telegram, accusing it of conducting an unregistered Securities offering. 
 
March 2020, The telegram team ceased the development of TON and support of testnet2, paid a $18.5m settlement, and agreed to return funds to investors. 
 
2020 - 2021, A small team of open-source developers - NewTON - dive deep into TON's codebase, architecture, and documentation. They resumed active development of TON in keeping with the design detailed in TON's original documentation. [\[6\]](#cite-id-vw62ls7xqcg) 
 
 
## **History** 
 
The Idea of TONCOIN was led by Pavel and Nikolai Durov (founders of Telegram Messenger), to support telegram's wide userbase. The idea was to build a platform that disrupts the decentralized application space, with speed and scalability that are important for the mass adoption of cryptocurrency. Through TON, Telegram users would be able to buy, transfer, and store value in ID-verifiable wallets facilitated by the GRAM coin. [\[5\]](#cite-id-ahf2y3yfi18) 
 
The team began to invest a significant amount of time, to come up with an early iteration of TON. In January 2018, the team released a white paper and a detailed technical paper which gave an insight on the features and design of the project. TON was described as a platform for decentralized apps and services with the ability to scale and support millions of transactions per second. 
 
During the project Development, the team attracted investment through private Gram offering, raising a total of $1.7B. This brought a lot of attention to Gram, as well as challenges, as people began to scam, using the project the name.[\[7\]](#cite-id-205opghrmio) 
 
![BREAKING-Telegram-CEO-Officially-Confirms-Gramtoken-io-ICO-as-FAKE-Finance-Magnates.png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmQQVZw9Hyopbd39hDzSGTj89c2LQsJdJi5tCTEDod8cxW) 
![Potential-scam-warning-TON-CryptoCurrency (1).png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmU3USHQ5pcDXqwib1bL1162uNydDFcHnPhALSMckas7dT) 
 Pavel Durov, the CEO of telegram quickly made an announcement, warning against fake projects using Gram's name. 
 
While the team planned to release the project by 2020, it was kept on hold as the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), filed a lawsuit against the company in 2019. Accusing telegram of promoting an unregistered security offering. 
 
By the year 2020, the problem had been resolved. The telegram team had lost to SEC and was expected to refund a sum of $1.2 million to investors, for the failed project. [\[9\]](#cite-id-6wv0xos0mdg) 
 
By May 2020, Pavel Durov ended telegrams participation in the project. The project was made open source and finally abandoned. [\[8\]](#cite-id-f4njjrr85f6) A team of Open Source developers called NewTON took over the development of the project. 
![-3-XanPool-on-Twitter-Today-we-are-sharing-TokenFunFacts-about-TON-✨-Toncoin-is-the-token-native-to-The-Open-Network-a-decentralized-Layer-1-blockchain-network-🌐-Its-original-name-was-Telegram-Open-Network-developed-.png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmP7qHNTsRvfGYu9w9AABEowLnD1wnJZ2S7mfEfY4YxNWL) 
Durov however endorsed the TONCOIN project (built by the community), expressing his delight to see the continuous evolution of the TON technology. [\[10\]](#cite-id-8hlafcfdzhs) 
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](upwbFKDQu7U)$$ 
 
## **UTILITY** 
 
TONCOIN has a wide range of applications and can be used for both utility and governance purposes. 
 
* It can be used for on-chain as well as off-chain transactions. 
* used to pay for decentralized storage and domain names. 
* Can be used as a governing or staking token (which gives users the right to make governing decisions). 
* Toncoin is integral to TON's onchain program. Can be used as payment for creating new workchains and extra currencies. 
* Can be used as payment for decentralized app services. 
* Used as validator's stake required to maintain the blockchain. 
* Can be used as commission payments for processing on-chain transactions with smart contracts. 
* Can also be lent out to nominators in exchange for their share of rewards. [\[11\]](#cite-id-expmc79xhc8) 
 
## **Consensus** 
 
Toncoin is built on a proof of stake (PoS) network. The token is used to validate transactions, reward validators, and can be lent to nominators in exchange for their share of rewards. 
 
## **Features** 
 
Toncoin is designed to be scalable and adaptable. Built with millions of users in mind, Toncoin can grow without sacrificing its performance or level of security. And can take up millions of transactions simultaneously. Notable features of Toncoin include: 
 
### Ton wallets 
 
Ton offers several ways to store Toncoins, either through their various non-custodial wallets or through integrated third-party wallets. 
 
Ton's non-custodial wallets include; Tonkeeper, Tonhub, TON Wallet, and Coin98 wallet, while its custodial wallets include @wallet and @crypto bot. Both are user-friendly bots used within the telegram app. 
 
Non-custodial wallets allow users to have full control over their assets, and to also interact with Defi-solutions. While custodial wallets take care of the users' storage needs so they can just focus on their investments. [\[12\]](#cite-id-40s5spzxy82) 
 
### Ton Nominator Pools 
 
A proof of stake mechanism that allows holders to lend their profits to nominators in order to earn profit. It also allows validators to be rewarded based on how much stake they hold [\[13\]](#cite-id-81go8e5m00m) 
 
### Ton Apps & Services 
 
The TON Blockchain houses several Dapps and services. It allows developers to create new decentralized applications on the blockchain. Users of these applications can interact with the blockchain through the app interface.[\[14\]](#cite-id-hw76vrwwor) 
 
Examples of successful apps built on the TON blockchain include Stickerface, Ton diamonds, Ton cats, etc. 
 
Stickerface is a TON NFT project that allows users to create avatar versions of themselves, using selfies, or creating them from scratch. The project has made 150 sales so far, on the TON Diamond marketplace. And is currently available on mobile apps. [\[16\]](#cite-id-symqtmadq3) 
 
Other TON services include TON news, which gives updates about happenings in the TON community. [\[15\]](#cite-id-kmmbowvs49) 
 
### TON BRIDGE 
 
A сross-chain asset transfer consisting of a link between 5 blockchains: BSC, ETH, Free TON, Fantom, Polygon. [\[17\]](#cite-id-pl7yplv7hr) 
 
### TON DNS 
 
Provides users with easy-to-remember names. Users can register their domain and business names on the blockchain using TON DNS [\[18\]](#cite-id-7yybnk88k6d) 
 
## **Tokenomics** 
 
As of November 2022, the supply of token is 5,073,848,357 with a 0.6% annual inflation rate. 
 
TONCOIN is still receiving attention as more users are creating accounts every day. 
As of November 2022, there are 1,487,269 Accounts on TON with a 229% increase over the last 6 months 
 
TONCOIN has also seen an increase in validators, with a current total of 234, and a validator stake of 154,436,248 to maintain the blockchain. [\[19\]](#cite-id-txw3c02mdk)[\[1\]](#cite-id-hztm6wwwkqi) 
 
The current (November 2022) rate of Toincoin is $1.71 USD with a 24-hour trading volume of $5,794,825 USD. Having been down 1.30% in the last 24 hours. [\[20\]](#cite-id-ujwfyhq0cx8)[\[21\]](#cite-id-de10xylch4l) 
 
TONCOIN is currently ranked #27 on CoinMarketCap and #26 on Coingecko 
 
## **Roadmap** 
 
The TON community has been making continuous progress in maintaining the network and adding more features. 
 
For the year 2022, the community has completed the following projects so far on the roadmap; TON Nominators[\[23\]](#cite-id-j9y4ecjtaoj), TON DeFi [\[24\]](#cite-id-jvfm8fiqt4b), and TON Developers Program[\[25\]](#cite-id-s5xofxb10he) for the first quarter. 
 
TON DNS [\[26\]](#cite-id-9jc1s1upkgn) and TON Payments [\[27\]](#cite-id-ytchsde329) for the second quarter 
 
TON Proxy[\[28\]](#cite-id-2odb7aa8iwn) and TON Sites[\[29\]](#cite-id-ab4pwrrsvyd) for the third quarter. 
 
TON Storage is the only feature left to be completed for the last quarter and the year 2022. 
 
In 2023, the team will be introducing Bitcoin & EVM Cross-chain the Network.

The Open Network (TON) is a fully decentralized layer1 blockchain, originally developed by Telegram and currently managed by the community.

The Open Network (TONCOIN)

Quant is a [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) network reputed as the first blockchain operating system that bridges blockchains globally without interfering with the efficiency and other properties of the connected distributed ledgers. [\[1\]](#cite-id-lxhmwtgyib) Quant (QNT) was primarily built to unlock the powers of blockchain technology previously hidden by the fragmented identity and the individualized progress of distributed ledgers. [\[2\]](#cite-id-pz2itmybtzr)[\[5\]](#cite-id-3m78ho8ukq8)  
Quant’s network is classified as an interoperability blockchain platform and is powered by its eponymous [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency), Quant (QNT). Enterprises and developers may not be required to buy QNT tokens, but payment for licenses and other associated fees must be paid for in QNT tokens.  
  
## $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](WX_lA_63z64)$$History  
  
Quant was first announced and launched in 2018 by founders, Gilbert Verdian, Colin Paterson and Paolo Tasca. Verdain’s reputation as a renowned cybersecurity expert setting up the UK Financial Investments (UKFI) and working with the US Federal Reserve helped greatly facilitate Quant Network’s entry into the market. [\[10\]](#cite-id-e7ipgo3oly8) In April 2018, they raised $11 million through an [initial coin offering](https://iq.wiki/wiki/initial-coin-offering) (ICO) from a possible $36.9 million hard cap. Quant’s team burnt the leftover tokens from the fundraising event, totaling over 9.5 million QNT. [\[8\]](#cite-id-n3ixacb8yvp)[\[9\]](#cite-id-0am73h4a0lk)  
QNT is an [ERC-20](https://iq.wiki/wiki/erc-20) standard token on the [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) blockchain with a total supply of 14,692,423 tokens. Despite the team building on the Ethereum network for the sheer volume of support it provided with [wallets](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency-wallet) and [exchanges](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-exchange), Quant is blockchain agnostic and can be adapted to any blockchain infrastructure, adopting its own plug-and-play solution it developed for enterprise solutions. [\[6\]](#cite-id-x4i6uem7sia)  
Quant Network is backed by the Overledger DLT gateway, staying true to its lack of preference for any distributed ledger technology — blockchain, Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), hashgraph or other protocol forms. [\[1\]](#cite-id-lxhmwtgyib)[\[3\]](#cite-id-chv2wwzyy7u)  
  
## Utility  
  
With Quant tokens, users of Quant Network can access the services and use cases of the platform. They can only make use of Quant’s blockchain operating system (Overledger) after paying for licensing and platform fees using QNT. Developers, enterprises, partners or financial institutions can leverage Overledger to build [decentralized](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-application) multi-chain applications (MApps). In return, they must stake a predetermined amount in QNT tokens for [MApp](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-application) solutions to run. [\[4\]](#cite-id-kwy6188ezxg)  
Quant’s ecosystem typically handles user access fees by locking up the token in a smart contract or moving them into the Treasury. When a user buys access to any of the services on Quant Network, QNT is taken out of circulation, locked in a unique smart contract and released on the subscription’s expiration. Or the [cryptocurrencies](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) may just be moved to the Treasury when a user buys a license to create anything on the network. [\[4\]](#cite-id-kwy6188ezxg)  
  
## Use Cases  
  
Quant has several use cases, all of which are geared toward creating value, mitigating costs and reducing risks.[\[2\]](#cite-id-pz2itmybtzr)  
  
### Capital Markets  
  
The blockchain space is ever-changing and developing, with more asset tokenization expected. The Overledger operating system exposes these assets to newer liquidity pools, creating greater exposure to new markets and increased chances of portfolio diversification among investors.  
  
### Payments  
  
There are zero preferences for any specific [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) with Quant, which creates a more flexible and secure payment channel for digital and fiat currencies. Transaction fees become cheaper because users do not have to move assets across multiple chains or swap assets to complete transactions. [\[6\]](#cite-id-x4i6uem7sia)  
  
### Digital Currencies  
  
Central banks worldwide are exploring the adoption of digital currencies, and more [stablecoins](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin) may debit in the future. Overledger makes it possible for a genuinely interoperable economy.  
  
### Insurance  
  
Go-betweens and intermediaries in the insurance industry make accessing policies challenging, expensive and time-consuming, limiting the industry’s growth. Quant Network optimizes the superfluous insurance system to make its operations more effective.  
  
### Supply Chain Finance  
  
Trading and supply chains are complex, with several bottlenecks plaguing the system. Associated levels of logistics, payments and customs are made more efficient with Quant Network.  
  
### Compliance  
  
Tracking payments across networks and blockchains can be problematic because the footprints are disruptive and not easily linked. Quant Network makes this information more relatable and trackable for humans and compliance operations.  
  
## QNT Tokenomics  
  
QNT is set at a max supply of 14,612,493 tokens and is allocated as follows:  
  
* 9,964,259 — Amount sold to the public during the [ICO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/initial-coin-offering)  
* 2,649,493 — Is for the company reserve and used for Research and Development, Facilities, Infrastructure, Legal / IP, Marketing, Exchanges  
* 1,347,988 — is for the company founders  
* 650,753 — is for the company advisors [\[7\]](#cite-id-39dyqwxoegy)  
  
Quant Network has a current circulating token supply of 12,072,738 QNT, with around 2 million remaining tokens locked by the company, which can be disposed of in any manner the company desires.

The world's first blockchain operating system is set to make the blockchain space truly interoperable. With services appealing to all classes of users, the util...

Quant Network

Flow is a decentralized blockchain developed to support next-generation games, applications, and the digital resources that run them. Built by Dapper Labs, the developers of blockchain experiences such as NBA Top Shot and [CryptoKitties](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptokitties), Flow is their only layer-one [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain).[\[1\]](#cite-id-srcle5bevj) 
 
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](TKqPxb5JUF8)$$ 
 
# History 
 
Flow launched as a [Proof of Stake](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-stake) protocol in 2020 to promote the NFT community by helping developers use, create and trade [NFTs](https://iq.wiki/wiki/non-fungible-token-nft). Developers can also use Flow network’s resource-oriented programming language, Cadence, to design [dApps](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-application) and blockchain-based games on Flow network.[\[2\]](#cite-id-vy2nfajaapq) 
 
Flow was developed after the case when the [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) network experienced a standstill due to network congestion from CryptoKitties’ engagement. Dapper Labs designed the Flow network to have enough scalability to handle its needs rather than wait for Ethereum to scale up or migrate its dApp to another blockchain.[\[3\]](#cite-id-0kcrunqtaqvj) 
 
Dapper Labs raised $18 million on CoinList in October 2020 through a public sale of Flow network’s native currency, FLOW. In 2021, from the virtual trading card platform and dApp, NBA Top Shot, supported by the Flow network, Dapper Labs raised $305 million.[\[4\]](#cite-id-zqpw6k8qr9)[\[5\]](#cite-id-9sv445jz659) 
 
Flow tackles the network congestion issue without using the typical sharding technique. Flow network distributes workloads across four types of nodes: Collection Nodes, Consensus Nodes, Execution Nodes, and Verification Nodes. These nodes perform different tasks according to their technical capabilities. With this division-of-labor model, the Flow network handles higher blockchain transaction volumes by forming transactions into a block and executing that block of transactions separately.[\[6\]](#cite-id-dv79iuvpef)[\[2\]](#cite-id-vy2nfajaapq) 
 
The functions of each node type include: 
 
* Collection nodes improve network connectivity and data availability, making dApps more efficient. 
* Consensus nodes control the flow and order of transactions. 
* Execution nodes manage each transaction’s computation and enhance speed. 
* Verification nodes double-check to ensure the execution nodes’ computations are accurate.[\[7\]](#cite-id-2anmb0ffk1c) 
 
Like most cryptocurrencies, Flow rewards validators for mining. Developers get tokens for building apps on the Flow network. In addition to token rewards from holding, users can stake their tokens and get new ones in return. All Flow network projects are showcased on Flowverse, which serves as the central hub to discover NFTs, games and other projects based on Flow’s platform.[\[8\]](#cite-id-xsvi3snta0m)[\[9\]](#cite-id-potgdeh5vyg) 
 
# Tokenomics 
 
FLOW is Flow network’s native currency. The token is the foundation that powers the Flow network and all the applications developed. FLOW serves as the Flow network’s payment method and long-term reserve asset, which is the Flow economy’s keystone. Stakeholders in the Flow network, including developers, users and validators, require FLOW to be involved in the network, from paying fees to partaking in future protocol governance and participating in reward-earning activities.[\[1\]](#cite-id-srcle5bevj) 
 
Initially, the total supply of FLOW was 1.25 billion, but it was increased because stakers on the Flow network earn validation rewards through inflation. The entire collection has been limited with a cap to avoid reducing FLOW tokens’ value.[\[2\]](#cite-id-vy2nfajaapq) 
 
 
# Flow Token’s Instagram-Related Buzz 
 
![tweet flow meta announcement.png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmSbypqLbceHtof7QmASYnZ3CudXX57uvkiBtNuvHYFkbY) 
In August 2022, Meta announced via a tweet that in addition to rolling out digital collectibles to more countries, enabling users to showcase their NFTs on Instagram, the platform would support Flow Blockchain. The announcement led to the FLOW token experiencing buying pressure, surging above 35%.[\[10\]](#cite-id-d53fkf7ns9)[\[11\]](#cite-id-c880uky2jgt)

Flow is a decentralized blockchain developed to support next-generation games, applications, and the digital resources that run them. Built by Dapper Labs, the ...

Flow

## Overview 
 
Aptos is said to be a scalable, reliable and upgradable layer-1 [\[4\]](#cite-id-itd8ukdbje) [proof-stake](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-stake) [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) infrastructure developed on a combination of technologies like system securities, smart contract design, decentralization, consensus & performance to provide a fundamental building block that would bring web3 to the masses [\[5\]](#cite-id-d35etwgm7mp) 
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](1ouomFHCJ6A)$$ 
 
## History 
 
Also known as Aptos Labs, Aptos was founded in 2021 by Mo Shaikh (CEO) and Avery Ching (CTO); two (2) ex-Meta (formally Facebook) employees who had it in mind to deliver a [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) to serve the crypto community and a larger population with a focus on the user experience. [\[3\]](#cite-id-ek6iab3x0fo) 
Prior to its [mainnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mainnet) launch in October 2022, Aptos ran a testnet campaign called "Aptos Incentivized Testnet (AIT)" in May. This testnet campaign which was divided into four (4) stages; AIT1, AIT2, AIT3 and AIT4 was aimed at inviting and incentivizing developers, node operators, and auditors to launch applications and stress-test the network ahead of the [mainnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mainnet) launch. 
At the end of the testnets, Aptos was able to onboard over 100 projects, including Solrise Finance, Pontem Network, PayMagic and MartianDAO. [\[19\]](#cite-id-jx5lgy2ccl) 
The Aptos blockchain runs on a smart contract programming language; **Move** which was originally developed for Diem; a blockchain initiative that has since been deserted. [\[9\]](#cite-id-8lzncsg8cee) 
 
## Aptos vs Solana 
 
Aptos was speculated by many as the '[Solana](https://iq.wiki/wiki/solana) killer' due to its proposed ability to create a blockchain well tailored to smart contracts which would make it a [Solana](https://iq.wiki/wiki/solana) competitor. [\[6\]](#cite-id-zuvk8ntbjzj) 
Aptos blockchain raised up to $350 million dollars before its full launch on 17th, October, 2022 [\[7\]](#cite-id-h4x2zm1z73s) which was backed by notable VCs in the crypto community-FTX Ventures, Jump Crypto, a16z, Coinbase Ventures, among others. [\[8\]](#cite-id-zgn4za6y62j) 
 
## $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](jsnblE6jXxQ)$$How Aptos works 
 
The Aptos data model enables flexible key management and hybrid custodial options to provide a safe and trustworthy user experience. The [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) leverages a pipeline and modular approach for key stages of transaction processing like block metadata ordering, transaction dissemination, parallel transaction execution, batch storage and ledger certification which all operate concurrently. 
Aptos parallel execution ensures that all transactions are performed simultaneously and validated later. The approach is different from a [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) like [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) which processes transactions sequentially. 
The [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) is experimenting with prospective initiatives that would scale beyond individual validator performance: modular design and parallel execution engine support internal sharding [\[10\]](#cite-id-o6rw42w48) of a validator and homogenous state sharding provides potential for horizontal throughput scalability without introducing more complexity for node operators. [\[5\]](#cite-id-d35etwgm7mp) 
 
## [Tokenomics](https://iq.wiki/wiki/tokenomics) 
 
The initial supply of the governance token of the blockchain-APT [\[11\]](#cite-id-ngutahrivop) at the [mainnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mainnet) launch on October 12, 2022 was 1 billion tokens. The distribution is mainly between the Community which was allocated with 51.02% initial tokens, Core contributors; 19.00%, Foundation; 16.50% and the Investors; 13.48% of initial tokens. [\[12\]](#cite-id-ijwrh9dtvcr) 
This makes up 49% of the total token supply allocated to the team and the investors of the blockchain and this fanned a controversy on crypto twitter as the transparency of the blockchain was questioned. [\[13\]](#cite-id-91y11nfu9wa) 
The total token supply however, is estimated to grow to over 1.5 billion tokens in the next ten (10) years. 
 
## ![image](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmVqX56ksLhuGftoez8NcazH8r1WCawmXxj4jn9jxa11D4)Aptos' Blockchain Explorers 
 
Aptos' [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) transactions and chain analytics can be explored with Aptoscan [\[14\]](#cite-id-th6kwgm2ni) or Apscan [\[15\]](#cite-id-l4e8kquu4l). Similar to BscScan [\[16\]](#cite-id-d0famxtqh4), Aptos' activities can be monitored by tracking transactions, validator activities and account information. The total amount of APT staked, current supply, as well as gas price and FDV [\[17\]](#cite-id-9zo1xnnwn5p) can also be viewed. 
 
## [Staking](https://iq.wiki/wiki/staking) 
 
Voting power can be acquired by a validator only when they stake; that is, when they place their utility coin into escrow. To encourage validators to participate in the agreement process, each validator's vote weight is made proportionate to the amount of validator's stake. In exchange, the validator is rewarded in proportion to the amount of validator's stake. 
 
### How to stake on Aptos 
 
Three (3) personas are supported to control the stake pool; Owner, Operator and Voter. 
With the owner-operator-voter model, a custodian can assume the owner persona and stake on the Aptos blockchain and also participate in the Aptos governance. This model allows delegations and staking services to be built as it separates the account that is in control of the funds from the other accounts; operator and voter. Hence, allowing secure delegations of responsibilities. 
 
#### Owner 
 
That is, the owner of the funds to be used for staking, can create an account on the Aptos blockchain and assign the account's operator address to a trusted node operator to appoint this operator as a validator. The owner can add, unlock or withdraw funds, extend lockup periods, change the node operator at anytime and receive rewards in their account. 
 
#### Operator 
 
The node operator is assigned by the fund owner to run the validator node. An operator has the permission to join or leave the validator set, perform the validating function and change the consensus key and network addresses. However, the operator cannot move funds unless they are the same entity also the owner. 
 
#### Voter 
 
A voter can participate in governance and use the voter key to sign the governance votes in the transactions. [\[18\]](#cite-id-5zs3i68wi0o) 
 
## Governance 
 
Aptos governance is a process where the community members can create and vote on proposals that can reduce the cost of blockchain upgrades. 
 
### Scope of proposals on Aptos governance 
 
* Changes on the [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) parameters 
* Changes to the core blockchain code 
* Upgrades to the Aptos Framework modules for fixing bugs or enhancing the [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) functionality 
* Deploying new framework modules 
 
To be able to propose or vote on the Aptos blockchain, the proposer or voter must stake and the proposer or voter's backing stake pool must have the minimum required proposer stake. [\[20\]](#cite-id-rbo4nhwces) 
 
## Aptos vs Sui 
 
The Mysten Labs' Sui is said to be a strong contender to the Aptos [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain), seeing as it is a layer-1 blockchain project like Aptos', also being developed by ex-Meta employees and it also uses the Move programming language. Both projects were also able to raise up to $300 million to pursue their goal of scalability and a secure low-fee [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain). 
 
## $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](mY4QD9fP1yM)$$ 
 
## Aptos Availability 
 
APT is currently listed for trading on top-tier exchanges like [Binance](https://iq.wiki/wiki/binance), [Kraken](https://iq.wiki/wiki/kraken), Huobi Global, MEXC, OKX, [FTX](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ftx) or [Coinbase](https://iq.wiki/wiki/coinbase). [\[3\]](#cite-id-ek6iab3x0fo) 
 
## Events and Partnership 
 
On 15th November, Aptos announced in a blogpost, a partnership between the network and a Korean Triple - A [web3](https://iq.wiki/wiki/web3) gaming studio; NPIXEL, aimed at redefining [web3](https://iq.wiki/wiki/web3) gamer experience [\[24\]](#cite-id-rdo7475xtvm). An event was hosted by NPIXEL and the Aptos Dev Hub on 18th, November 2022, to celebrate the new partnership with METAPIXEL and also to connect with the ecosystem enthusiasts. [\[21\]](#cite-id-ydi3rz7gvo8) [\[22\]](#cite-id-81kjt80m993) 
On 17th November, 2022, the Aptos Network announced in a blogpost, another partnership between Aptos and Google Cloud aimed at supporting [web3](https://iq.wiki/wiki/web3) builders. [\[23\]](#cite-id-g3dfpobpo9n) 
 
## Investors 
 
Some of Aptos' investors include-Binance Labs, ParaFi Capital, Oak HC/FT, Circle Ventures, Apollo, Franklin Templeton Investments, Jump Crypto, Tess Ventures, Superskrypt and Griffin Gaming Partners. [\[25\]](#cite-id-7wcxfigel89)

Aptos is a layer-1 proof-of-stake blockchain infrastructure built on the Move programming language for developers to create applications securely and swiftly.

Aptos

Web3 (also known as Web 3, Web 3.0) is the next generation of Internet technology that mainly relies on machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), and [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) technology. Web3 represents a serverless internet architecture, generally called a decentralized web, that aims to provide individuals control over data access and management rights rather than any centralized authority.[\[1\]](#cite-id-csz1ezbzxy)[\[2\]](#cite-id-4dv9g8v2l2t)[\[3\]](#cite-id-jsddxyy542)  
  
According to Web3 Foundation:  
  
> Web 3 is the vision of the serverless internet, the decentralized web. An internet where users are in control of their own data, identity, and destiny.[\[4\]](#cite-id-uizyjx7pgp)  
  
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](l44z35vabvA)$$  
  
## Trivia  
  
* The premise of 'Web 3.0' was coined by [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) co-founder [Gavin Wood](https://iq.wiki/wiki/gavin-wood) shortly after Ethereum launched in 2014.  
* Web 3.0 is built upon the core concepts of decentralization, openness, and greater user utility.  
* On [Web3](https://iq.wiki/wiki/web3), users will have ownership of their data instead of central entities.  
* A majority of Internet platforms in 2022 are controlled by only a handful of powerful companies, which profit from the data users generate.[\[5\]](#cite-id-ojgq6o5sscq)  
* Top blockchain projects and services that employ the use of Web3 include [Uniswap](https://iq.wiki/wiki/uniswap), [Polygon](https://iq.wiki/wiki/polygon), [Axie Infinity](https://iq.wiki/wiki/axie-infinity), [Frax Finance](https://iq.wiki/wiki/frax-finance), [Polkadot](https://iq.wiki/wiki/polkadot), and [IQ.wiki](https://iq.wiki/wiki/iqwiki).[\[9\]](#cite-id-gvbr107r5pq)  
  
# Overview  
  
In 2014, shortly after Ethereum's launch, [Gavin Wood](https://iq.wiki/wiki/gavin-wood), co-founder of [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum), came up with the concept of "Web 3.0". Gavin presented a solution to a concern shared by many early [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) adopters: the Web demanded too much trust. That is, most of the Web people know and use today relies on trusting a handful of private companies to act in the public's best interests. Web 3.0 aims to offer users control over the content they access online and also to create a semantic web.[\[3\]](#cite-id-jsddxyy542)  
  
Web3 is powered by technologies and concepts such as [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain), self-sovereign identity, and decentralized storage systems, transforming the traditional concept of data ownership and giving authority to the users. Applications and solutions built on the web3 ecosystem are truly decentralized with features integrated such as enhanced security, functionality, no censorship, and data authenticity.[\[6\]](#cite-id-sd68yznf9fq)  
  
## Tech  
  
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](4lli77_-cTU)$$  
Web 3.0 is driven by four new layers of technological innovation:  
  
1. **Edge Computing**: Web 3.0 pushes the data center out to the edge (i.e., edge computing) and into its users' hands, unlike web 2.0, which altered present commoditized personal computer technology in data centers.  
2. **Decentralized Data Network**: On web 3.0, users will own their data because it is decentralized. Using decentralized data networks, many data producers can sell or share their data without giving up ownership or depending on intermediaries.  
3. **Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning**: Algorithms for artificial intelligence and machine learning have developed to the point where they can now make predictions and take actions that are helpful and occasionally life-saving.  
4. **Blockchain**: [Blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) is a decentralized technology that uses [smart contracts](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) to execute transactions. These smart contracts define the semantics of a web 3.0 application. These smart contracts specify how a web 3.0 application should operate. As a result, the shared state machine is required for anyone who wants to create a [dApp](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-application).[\[6\]](#cite-id-sd68yznf9fq)  
  
# History  
  
## Web 1.0: Read-Only (1990-2004)  
  
In 1990, Berners-Lee pioneered the early development of the internet as a computer scientist at European researcher CERN.2. As of October 1990, Berners-Lee had written the three fundamental technologies that became the foundation of the web, including the very first webpage editor/browser (WorldWideWeb.app):  
  
* **HTML**: HyperText Markup Language, the markup or formatting language of the web  
* **URI or URL**: Uniform Resource Identifier or Locator, a unique address used to identify each resource on the web  
* **HTTP**: HyperText Transfer Protocol, which allows for the retrieval of linked resources from across the web3  
  
The debut of web browsers like Netscape Navigator in the middle of the 1990s marked the beginning of the Web 1.0 era. Most internet users at that time were delighted by the novelty of features such as email and real-time news retrieval. Content creation was still in its inception, and users had little opportunity for interactive applications.[\[7\]](#cite-id-i98epj3dha)  
  
## Web 2.0: Read-Write (2004-2022)  
  
Web 2.0 highlights a paradigm shift in how people utilize the internet since 2004. The monotonous web pages of Web 1.0 have been totally overtaken by Web 2.0's interactivity, social connection, and user-generated content over the last 15 to 20 years. Web 2.0 makes it possible for user-generated content to be viewed by millions of people around the world virtually in an instant; this sort of content has accelerated in recent years due to its unrivaled reach.  
  
Instead of a read-only, the web evolved to be read-write. Instead of companies providing content to users, they also began to provide platforms to share user-generated content and engage in user-to-user interactions. As more people came online, a number of top companies such as Apple, Amazon, Google, and Meta began to control a disproportionate amount of the traffic and value generated on the web. Web3 also created a revenue model based on advertising. While users could create content, they didn't own it or benefit from its monetization.[\[8\]](#cite-id-kcm8s64xnc)  
  
## Web 3.0: Read-Write-Own (2014-2022)  
  
Web 3.0 seeks to decentralize and open up the Internet. Users of the internet in 2022 are dependent on network and cellular service providers who monitor the data passing through their systems. With [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) technology, users can take ownership of their data. Web 3.0 represents the next phase of the web and the internet, and has the potential to usher in a significant paradigm shift as Web 2.0 did. The fundamental ideas of decentralization, openness and increased consumer usefulness form the foundation of Web 3.0.[\[7\]](#cite-id-i98epj3dha)[\[8\]](#cite-id-kcm8s64xnc)  
  
# Features  
  
While web3 has several advantages over web2, it also includes the following key features that have the potential to transform how the current state of the web:[\[10\]](#cite-id-lya3ptdb3d)  
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](lyrbeXFTHB0)$$  
  
### Decentralized  
  
Web3 represents a decentralized ecosystem powered by [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) technology. Applications and solutions built on the web3 ecosystem are truly decentralized with capabilities such as increased security, functionality, no censorship, and data authenticity incorporated, applications and solutions created on the web3 ecosystem are genuinely decentralized.  
  
### Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning  
  
Web 3.0 makes it possible for machines to interpret information similarly to humans with the aid of the Semantic Web and technologies based on natural language processing. The web3's capacity to make internet data machine-readable is referred to as the semantic web. The concept of a semantic web also aims to make cross-chain data sharing possible between various applications and businesses. The semantic web distributes content, user data, and related information in this manner effortlessly. In addition, machine learning—a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses data and algorithms to simulate human learning and steadily increase accuracy—is incorporated into Web 3.0.  
  
### Connectivity  
  
With Web3, content and information are now easier to access across applications, and with a rising number of everyday gadgets connected to the internet thanks to Web 3.0. The Internet of Things is one such example.  
  
### Metaverse capabilities  
  
The web3 ecosystem supports hyper-realistic 3D spaces and graphical interfaces, helping Web 3 projects offer a more natural and vivid navigation user experience. Leveraging Web 3.0’s metaverse and 3D capabilities, immersive games, e-commerce shops, and [NFT](https://iq.wiki/wiki/non-fungible-token-nft) marketplaces can be designed based on enterprise demand.[\[3\]](#cite-id-jsddxyy542)  
  
# Web3 Applications  
  
Blockchain technology is used by decentralized applications, which are not owned or managed by a centralized authority. Web3 supports development that is advanced both in terms of features and usability. Web3 [dApps](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-application) include those for metaverse, [DeFi](https://iq.wiki/wiki/defi), [NFTs](https://iq.wiki/wiki/non-fungible-token-nft), DAOs, and gaming. dApps designed for web3 projects are truly decentralized and interoperable. However, dApps for the blockchain ecosystem do not necessarily need to be interoperable unless the project demands so.  
$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](1i5wOpAg-lc)$$  
With blockchain at its core, Web 3.0 enables a wide range of new apps and services, including the ones listed below:  
  
* **NFTs**: Non-fungible Tokens (NFTs) are tokens that are individually unique and are kept in a blockchain with a cryptographic hash. Some of the top Web3 NFT apps include [Axie Marketplace](https://iq.wiki/wiki/axie-infinity), [Decentraland](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentraland), and [OpenSea](https://iq.wiki/wiki/opensea).[\[11\]](#cite-id-6veznpc22vh)  
* **DeFi**: Decentralized finance (DeFi) utilizes decentralized blockchain technology as its foundation, a new use case for Web 3.0 that allows for the provision of financial services beyond the constraints of conventional centralized banking infrastructure. Examples of Web3 DeFi apps include [Uniswap](https://iq.wiki/wiki/uniswap), [Frax Finance](https://iq.wiki/wiki/frax-finance), [The Graph](https://iq.wiki/wiki/the-graph), and [Chainlink](https://iq.wiki/wiki/chainlink).[\[12\]](#cite-id-gub9q2dw8m)  
* **Cryptocurrency**: A new universe of money that strives to be distinct from the traditional world of fiat cash is being created through Web 3.0 apps like cryptocurrencies such as [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin), [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum), Theta, [Filecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/filecoin), and [IQ token](https://iq.wiki/wiki/iq).[\[14\]](#cite-id-7udz1rusw1m)  
* **dApp**: Decentralized applications (dApps) are programs that run programmatically and are logged in an immutable ledger. They are built on top of the blockchain and use [smart contracts](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) to facilitate service delivery. Examples include [MetaMask](https://iq.wiki/wiki/metamask), Brave, [Livepeer](https://iq.wiki/wiki/livepeer), and [Magic](https://iq.wiki/wiki/magic).[\[15\]](#cite-id-hswao0gqvw8)  
* **Chain-crossing bridges**: In the Web 3.0 age, there are numerous blockchains and cross-chain bridges that provide some kind of connectivity between them such as [Polkadot](https://iq.wiki/wiki/polkadot), [Blocknet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blocknet), [Cosmos](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cosmos), and [Wanchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/wanchain).[\[13\]](#cite-id-y2k6m817fpa)  
* **DAOs**: DAOs are poised to potentially take on the role of Web 3.0's governing bodies, offering some structure and decentralized governance. Examples include [BrainDAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/braindao), [MakerDAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/makerdao), [OlympusDAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/olympus-dao), and [PieDAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/piedao).

Web3 (also known as Web 3, Web 3.0) is the next generation of Internet technology that mainly relies on machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), and bloc...

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