Ocean Protocol is an open-source protocol designed to facilitate the exchange and monetization of data and data-related services for businesses and individuals. It operates on the Ethereum blockchain and employs 'datatokens' to regulate access to data sets, which can be redeemed by users requiring access to the information. ^[14]

Ocean Protocol helps to unlock data, particularly for Artificial Intelligence. It is designed for scale and uses blockchain technology that allows data to be shared and sold in a safe, secure, and transparent manner.^[1][2]

History

Ocean Protocol was founded in 2017 by BigchainDB founder, Bruce Pon, and AI and design expert, Trent McConaghy. Their main goal was to get back control of big data from corporations like Microsoft, Google, and Apple Inc., and allow it to be shared and monetized freely on an exchange.

Pon and McConaghy brought together a broad team with people experienced in AI, blockchain, and big data, as well as policy and business, to develop Ocean Protocol.

Ocean Protocol allows users to create a decentralized marketplace, composed of data assets and services that can be exchanged by users. The marketplace connects data providers and consumers and links to the data itself. It keeps an on-chain record of who owns the data, and who has purchased and shared it.^[9]

"Ocean allows people to unlock the value of data without necessarily unlocking the data itself. It is a substrate to finally realize the potential of an open permission-less data economy while still preserving privacy,"

said Trent McConaghy, co-founder of Ocean Protocol.

"We welcome early collaborators already deploying their solutions on our network today, and we look forward to seeing tens, hundreds, even thousands of other marketplaces and applications to be built on top of Ocean, so that data can be freed from their existing silos to deliver world-changing solutions for many verticals including automotive, energy, healthcare and so on."

"Data and AI related service providers can use Ocean as a launchpad offering relevant services to data providers and consumers. In addition, Ocean gives data and AI professionals a means to monetize their findings and models,"

Ocean Protocol launched the Ocean Token in November 2017, alongside its Marketplace Framework which outlines the market attributes and components necessary to deploy the decentralized Ocean Protocol data exchange.

By 2018, the Ocean Token was already in pre-launch distribution with 3,500 contributors in 100 countries, an Advisor Program was also launched with 40 advisors in 20 cities, and they announced a partnership with IBM Watson AI XPRIZE.

In March 2020, Ocean Protocol launched its decentralized marketplace, customizable for data providers. During its latest round of funding in May 2019, Ocean Protocol had raised over $28 million.^[4]

Overview

Data exchanged in a marketplace is not stored on the Ocean Protocol network itself: customers search for data sets on different marketplaces, then purchase an encrypted reference to it which can only be unlocked once certain conditions (for example, payment) are met. So data owners have full control of their data, regardless of what happens to it or who buys it.

A multitude of data marketplaces can hook into Ocean Protocol to provide “last mile” services to connect data providers and consumers. Ocean Protocol is designed so that data owners cannot be locked into any single marketplace. The data owner controls each dataset.^[2]

Their goal is to keep working on enhancing AI software and services and they developed their Community Marketplace as a complementary ecosystem to the Enterprise Marketplace, where datasets can be bought and sold freely. As part of this effort, Ocean Protocol is seeking to deploy a standalone web app, restructure its data tokens for simplicity, and integrate incentives and staking into its Data Marketplace.

Over 20 million Ocean Tokens have been allocated to the fund, earmarked for developers, startups, and service providers building projects on the network. The Fund consists of the Shipyard incubation program, Ocean Bounties (managed on Gitcoin), and hacking competitions such as the Data Economy Challenge.^[5][4]

In October 2023, Celer Network announced its integration of Ocean Protocol’s OCEAN on the Oasis Sapphire mainnet. Through this integration, users can bridge OCEAN between Ethereum and Sapphire mainnet. Celer Network is a blockchain interoperability protocol. ^[11]

“Celer cBridge is excited to announce that we now support Ocean Protocol’s OCEAN! Users are now able to bridge OCEAN between Ethereum and Oasis Protocol’s Sapphire mainnet to help facilitate Ocean Protocol’s Predictoor on Oasis Sapphire!” - via CelerNetwork’s Twitter

Ocean Predictoor, a dapp and stack for prediction feeds, went live on the Sapphire mainnet. As it utilizes OCEAN, the platform uses Celer Network’s cBrdige to bridge OCEAN from Ethereum to Sapphire. ^[12]

In January 2021, Moonbeam, a smart contract platform compatible with Ethereum and integrated into the Polkadot network, established a partnership with Ocean Protocol. Through this collaboration, data exchange functionalities were introduced into the Polkadot ecosystem. ^[13]

As outlined in a statement released by PureStake on January 25, 2021, the initial phase of this partnership involves the deployment of Ocean Protocol's smart contracts onto the Moonbeam platform. The comprehensive initial integration encompasses activities such as the transition of OCEAN tokens from the Ethereum Mainnet and the deployment of new components for the Ocean Market web application on Moonbeam. ^[13]

Artificial Superintelligence Alliance Merger

In July 2024, Ocean Protocol joined Fetch.ai and SingularityNET in a tokenomic merger to establish the Artificial Superintelligence Alliance (ASI), unifying their respective tokens—OCEAN, AGIX, and FET—under a single token framework. The merger is being implemented in two phases to streamline the transition and support broad interoperability.

Launched on July 1, 2024, focused on consolidating the AGIX and OCEAN tokens into FET on the Ethereum blockchain. This phase included the closure of deposits and withdrawals for AGIX and OCEAN on centralized exchanges, rebranding across platforms, and the activation of a migration platform via the SingularityDAO dApp. Exchange-based token holders had their assets automatically converted, while self-custodied users received guidance to manually migrate their tokens.

This merger aims to integrate Ocean Protocol’s decentralized data tools with Fetch.ai’s agent-based systems and SingularityNET’s AI services, forming a cohesive framework for decentralized AI development. ^[24]

Use Cases

Ocean Protocol has seen several implementations. In 2019, sgCarMart integrated Ocean Protocol into its online used car marketplace, allowing buyers to access accurate, verifiable data on their second-hand car purchases, including numbers of previous owners or details of ongoing mechanical problems.

Ocean Protocol is also being used in the healthcare industry where data on diseases normally recorded in offline isolation can be shared and analyzed with discretion and security around the world. Most recently, the Ocean network has been used by an AI solution known as James to make crucial data on Parkinson’s disease available to global healthcare users, helping to facilitate better decision-making and resolve trends across data sets.

Ocean Protocol has partnered with industries and startups to show how the safe sharing of data can help companies gain a competitive edge and improve people's well-being. In the Insurance sector, Aviva and ConnectedLife are applying data analytics and artificial intelligence on smart home data to enhance the protection and care for the aging population and support independent living.

In Healthcare, Roche Diagnostics is exploring ways to improve care for patients on blood-thinning therapy. In Retail, Next Billion is piloting a new data-sharing model that rewards rural store owners for contributing sales data.^[6]

Services

Ocean Protocol offers access to a broad data environment with open-source software, including the Keeper blockchain client, Parity SecretStore, and Aquarius metadata management, available for developers seeking the necessary components to develop and implement their own Ocean network.

Ocean Protocol has developed two main products: the Data Ecosystem Platform and the decentralized Data Marketplace.

The Data Ecosystem Platform

The Data Ecosystem Platform facilitates data access control so that owners are able to upload and store their data while retaining complete control when they monetize it for buyers. The platform includes the tools necessary to achieve that end, such as the Ocean blockchain, smart contracts, and software development kits.

The Decentralized Data Marketplace

The Decentralized Data Marketplace facilitates the sale and purchase of data by connecting sellers and buyers around the world. It consists of the Enterprise Marketplace, aimed at enterprise-level data providers (working, for example, in health, mobility, or logistics), and of the Community Marketplace, used by the wider community to buy and sell data assets.

Ocean Marketplace Actions

A marketplace's core functionality is about connecting buyers to sellers for given assets: to make the assets discoverable, and buying/selling an asset of interest. For smoother user flow, Ocean Market supports adjacent functionality: publishing the asset in the first place and consuming it. Each subsection will cover these, in the order that they would happen, with a focus on Ocean Market.

Action: publish dataset.

When the user (publisher) clicks on "Publish", they end up here. They start to fill out metadata, including Title and Description. The publisher then provides the URL of where the data asset can be found. This URL gets stored encrypted and on-chain.

When a buyer later consumes a data token, that URL will be decrypted. The publisher then fills out price information. It may be fixed price or dynamic (automatic). If automatic, they add liquidity as desired to be in line with their target price. Finally, they hit “publish” and Ocean Market will invoke blockchain transactions to deploy a data token contract, publish metadata on-chain, and (if automatic) do all AMM-related transactions.

Action: add/remove liquidity.

If the data token has an AMM pool, any user can add/remove data tokens or OCEAN as liquidity. This is OCEAN staking, and curation, as discussed earlier.

Action: discovery.

Ocean Market will have thousands of data assets. To help discover, Ocean includes support for browsing, searching, and filtering data assets.

Action: buy/sell dataset.

Here, a buyer comes to Ocean Market and connects their wallet. Their wallet has some OCEAN. The buyer clicks the "buy" button; then Metamask pops up and asks for the buyer to confirm a transaction to swap OCEAN tokens for 1.0 data tokens.

The buyer confirms, and the swap happens on-chain. Now, the buyer now has 1.0 more data tokens in their wallet.

Action: Consume Dataset.

Here, a data token owner comes to Ocean Market and connects their wallet. They go to the appropriate sub-page with the asset that they own. They consume the dataset by clicking the “use” button. They follow the prompts to end up with a downloaded dataset, or to get results of bringing compute to data.

Developers' Tools

Ocean Market is just one data marketplace and many data marketplaces are envisioned, Ocean protocol makes this happen by making it easy for developers to create their own marketplaces. Using Ocean JavaScript or Python libraries, each of the following is 1–3 lines of JS or PY code:^[7]

• Create a data asset (provision data service, deploy data token contract, add metadata, mint data tokens).
• Create an AMM market (or fixed-price market) .
• Add or remove liquidity.
• Swap OCEAN for data tokens, & vice versa (buy data tokens & sell data tokens).
• Submit a data token and consume a data asset

The libraries interface to Ocean smart contracts. Ocean Provider is a support tool to provision data assets, and Ocean Aquarius and to help store data on-chain and to query metadata (with the help of a local cache). With these tools in place, there two main ways that a developer can build an Ocean-based data marketplace: (1) Fork Ocean Market, which uses Ocean tools, and (2) Build up their own marketplace using Ocean tools more directly (React hooks, Javascript library, etc).^[8]

Ocean Academy

Ocean Academy is a community initiative created by four Ambassadors of the Ocean Protocol. They aimed to reach out to people including AI practitioners, data scientists, and data owners, who may not yet be familiar with blockchain and smart contracts.

Ocean 101

Ocean101, the first educational module in Ocean Academy, consists of 23 chapters that provide a beginner’s friendly introduction to blockchain technology. It focuses on how Ocean Protocol enables new forms of value creation and how it transforms data science workflows for practitioners.

In the first few chapters of Ocean101, participants learn how to install their own Ethereum wallet, become familiar with the basic concepts of blockchain, and receive play tokens to experience firsthand how Web3 works. Next is a deep dive into smart contracts, and how they are used in the context of data science. Ocean Protocol’s infrastructure is presented, with a focus on how one can create value from data and algorithms. At the end of Ocean101, a completion certificate is awarded and the module also provides new mental models and tools to enable the open future for data science.^[15]

Ocean Token

Ocean Protocol launched the Ocean Token in November 2017, along with its Marketplace Framework which outlines the market attributes and components necessary to deploy the decentralized Ocean Protocol data exchange. By 2018, the Ocean Token was in pre-launch distribution with 3,500 contributors in 100 countries.

The Ocean Token is the means of exchange on the Ocean Protocol network: whenever their data is sold, providers earn Ocean Tokens essentially as a reward for the services they have provided to the blockchain.^[9][10]

Token Allocation

A total of 1.41 billion Ocean tokens was emitted, with 60% of the tokens generated as part of the network reward. 15% for Acquirors, 20% for the founding teams, and 5% for community and ecosystem development.

The token allocations were adjusted reducing amounts to both the Foundation and for Acquirors and re-assigning the tokens to the Network Reward.

They are also taking an approach that has been proven to work to increase network usage — rewarding network participants, like Bitcoin, does. This directly incentivizes people to build, run nodes, and trade data & services. For this reason, the allocation of tokens to Acquirors has been reduced by half. This adjustment, however, does not impact any current contributors. Instead, it increases tokens generated through the network reward system. This adjustment is favorable for incentivizing developers and data providers to join the network, contributing to its long-term vitality and sustainability.^[10]

Partnerships

Oraichain

Ocean Protocol announced its partnership with Oraichain to integrate products, services, and AI data to expand its AI-powered ecosystem offerings. Following the launch of their Ocean v3 and Ocean Market in October 2020, this new partnership connected the key pillars of the Oraichain and Ocean ecosystems. Ocean supports Oraichain by providing Compute-to-Data technology to Oraichain’s AI Request Hub and AI Marketplace., they enable their ecosystem partners to leverage Oraichain’s Request Hub to request data, compute services, AI oracles, and other AI services provided by Oraichain. ^[16]

Oraichain published and monetized data from Oraichain’s AI services such as AI APIs and AI-generated data via the Ocean Market. Bruce Pon, Ocean Protocol founder talked about the partnership saying:

"Ocean Protocol’s engagement with Oraichain promises to be a dynamic addition to our data and AI ecosystems. The presence of Oraichain data on Ocean Market diversifies our offerings while Oraichain can benefit from leveraging our Compute-to-Data feature in their Request Hub. We’re excited to further explore the potential synergies."

Also speaking on the partnership, Dr. Chung Dao, Oraichain CEO, said:

"I am confident in the strong impact that the partnership between Oraichain and Ocean Protocol will have in terms of innovation in the AI and Blockchain space. Artificial Intelligence is the core of both companies, and the combined efforts, synergies, and future integration will create plenty of new opportunities."

Zühlke

Ocean Protocol partnered with Zühlke, a service provider for innovation projects, technology, and business expertise. The goal of their collaboration is to create solutions for pharma, MedTech and life science companies that facilitate an open data economy for healthcare without losing control over the data. Zühlke provides expertise in evaluating and implementing innovation projects while the technological basis for these solutions is Ocean Protocol’s decentralized data exchange protocol. ^[17]

According to Răzvan Olteanu,

“Ocean Protocol wants to kickstart an open data economy by breaking down data silos and equalizing access to data for all, creating a marketplace for health data”. For Stefan Grasmann, the topic revolves around one central aspect: “To really ensure data privacy, the patient should keep full control over the access to their health data and be able to answer the following questions: Who can access my data to which degree and what is it used for?”

Travala.com

Travala.com, the world’s leading crypto-friendly hotel booking platform, and Ocean Protocol announced a strategic partnership that included integration of OCEAN on the travel website’s platform. ^[18]

Travala.com accepts the Ocean token (OCEAN), among other leading crypto assets such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and AVA, Travala.com’s native cryptocurrency, for bookings at over 2.2 million hotels and homes in 230 countries across the world. This utility pushes forward Ocean’s mission to give power to individuals and capture value through new applications of technology. ^[18]

The partnership will empower OCEAN holders to participate in a cheaper, fairer, and more inclusive travel economy while also enhancing the utility of the Ocean token, being used for travel bookings via Travala.com. Ocean Protocol will be using Travala.com’s business account services for internal company travel requirements. ^[18]

"This collaboration marks an important milestone for our community, furthering the widespread use of Ocean and Web3 tech, as a whole. We’re glad to empower OCEAN holders to explore the world, using Travala.com,”

said Bruce Pon, Ocean Protocol Founder.

Also speaking about the partnership, Juan Otero, Travala.com CEO, said

“As we continue in our commitment towards mass cryptocurrency adoption, we’re very excited to partner with data exchange platform Ocean Protocol to champion the growth of the crypto community and to bring a great new use case to Ocean.”

ProtoFire

Ocean Protocol and ProtoFire partnered up to build decentralized data marketplaces to facilitate the continued expansion of the open data economy. ProtoFire, a Web3-focused division of Altoros, has proven expertise in blockchain and dApps and combining a deep knowledge of Ethereum and machine learning (ML), ProtoFire will support Ocean Protocol in its mission to develop data marketplaces. ^[19]

Manuel Garcia, CTO of ProtoFire, added,

“We believe in the power of data, decentralized markets, and open-source technology. Collaborating with the team behind Ocean Protocol, we aim to unify two powerful technologies — blockchain and machine learning — in a single platform to democratize data, while preserving security.”

Under the strategic partnership, Ocean Protocol clients can employ blockchain expertise from ProtoFire through the following services:

• A full development life cycle of dApps, protocols, oracles, and off-chain apps that consume deployed data sets
• DevOps tools and dApps integrations to easily set up and operate data assets
• Smart contracts development.

ProtoFire offers maintenance and support needed to address the challenges in blockchain adoption. In addition, the ProtoFire team also provides token holders with real-world use cases (e.g., The Graph Protocol) on how to scale the network.

dexFreight

dexFreight, providers of a blockchain-based logistics platform, and Ocean Protocol partnered up to launch the first Web3 data marketplace for the transportation and logistics industry. The omnichannel data marketplace, which will enable companies to aggregate and monetize operational data, will initially focus on serving U.S.-based truckload transportation providers. ^[20]

“The collaboration of dexFreight and Ocean Protocol aims to break down data silos in the logistics industry,”

said Trent McConaghy, founder of Ocean Protocol.

“In the near future, we will bring this template to other verticals as well, such as pharma, automotive and the financial service industries.”

The U.S. logistics industry is comprised of 500,000 trucking companies, 16,000 brokers, and millions of shippers, and the majority of them are small and medium-sized companies. Currently, they are unable to receive any compensation as actual owners of their data while third-party software vendors are able to aggregate and sell data to competitors, marketing firms, insurance companies, government agencies, and others leaving them out of this revenue from data monetization opportunity.

“The dexFreight omnichannel data marketplace powered by Ocean Protocol architecture and smart contracts to trace the provenance of data will present an important opportunity for the entire logistics industry to aggregate their data and be compensated accordingly,”

said Rajat Rajbhandar, CIO & co-founder of dexFreight.

“Through this partnership to launch the industry’s first Web3 data marketplace with a transparent compensation method, we will enable/allow trucking companies, freight brokers and shippers to put their data to work, generating revenue.”

Alliance Block

To build the first globally compliant decentralized capital market, AllianceBlock formed a strategic partnership with Ocean Protocol. ^[21]

AllianceBlock will build a data pipeline on top of Ocean where user data such as KYC/AML/KYB will be stored and users will be able to use role-based access control to give access and revoke access to data. This product is part of AllianceBlock’s use case to bridge traditional finance and decentralized finance applications by providing illiquid assets short-term financing to high-net-worth individuals at private banks. ^[21]

Through Ocean Protocol, retail banking APIs will be able to connect to DeFi in a way that is compliant with financial regulations such as PSD2, resulting in new, exciting open banking solutions. ^[21]

Rachid Ajaja, Founder and CEO of AllianceBlock said

“As global regulators continue to announce new plans and introduce new financial protections, compliance remains a major challenge. At AllianceBlock, our vision is to bridge the gap between traditional and decentralized finance. This partnership will allow financial institutions and DeFi platforms to use the Ocean Protocol data layer and data marketplace to build innovative products in line with global regulations such as Europe’s PSD2 and GDPR. Ocean Protocol is one of the leading on-ramps for data services into crypto ecosystems. "

Polygon Network

In March 2021, Ocean Protocol partnered with Polygon (formerly Matic Network), a layer 2 solution on Ethereum. With this partnership, the team deployed Ocean Protocol smart contracts and Ocean Market smart contracts on Polygon blockchain and so users can use Ocean Market to publish, swap, stake, and consume data assets in Polygon with very less transaction fees compared to that on Ethereum. The data marketplace builders and other dApp developers can use Ocean libraries and frontend components with Polygon to create Dapps and markets. ^[22]

This is what founder Trent McConaghy said about the partnership:

"Polygon has a long history of collaboration with the Ethereum ecosystem with an eye towards scaling and security. The Polygon team has developed a first-class platform for running EVM-based contracts and bridging across chains. It’s our pleasure to leverage Polygon so that our users benefit from far lower gas costs in Ocean Market and in other emerging dapps & protocols that use Ocean"

Moonriver Network

On October 6, 2021 Ocean Protocol was deployed Moonriver Network, a EVM compatible parachain on Kusama Network. The teams have been collaborating since January 2021 and the Ocean deployment to Moonriver is the first major technology milestone in this collaboration, and as part of the broader Ocean — Polkadot ecosystem. This deployment benefits Ocean Protocol in excellent security and cross-chain interoperability that will continue to improve. ^[23]