Spacecoin is a decentralized physical infrastructure network (DePIN) project developing a global, satellite-based internet service. The project utilizes a constellation of small satellites in low-Earth orbit (LEO) integrated with the Creditcoin blockchain to provide a permissionless and resilient alternative to traditional terrestrial internet infrastructure. Its primary mission is to offer affordable and reliable connectivity, with a focus on serving regions with limited or no internet access. ^{[1] [2]}​

Overview

Spacecoin aims to establish an open protocol for decentralized connectivity infrastructure, with the goal of connecting the estimated 2.6 billion people globally who lack internet access. ^[1] The project targets its services toward developing regions, identifying countries such as Nigeria, Indonesia, and India as primary markets. It proposes a low-cost model, with a goal of providing connectivity for as little as $1-2 per month for users in these areas. ^[2]​

The network is designed to be physically decentralized by relying on LEO satellites, making it independent of ground-based infrastructure like cell towers and fiber-optic cables. This architecture is intended to provide resilience against service disruptions caused by natural disasters, government restrictions, or a lack of infrastructure in remote locations. The system uses blockchain technology to manage network operations transparently and securely, with data transmissions recorded on-chain to create a publicly verifiable system. ^[1] The project is building an open and participatory network where third parties can contribute their own satellites to the constellation, sharing in the operational costs and resources. ^[2]

The project's community members and supporters are referred to as "Cadets." ^[3]​

History

The Spacecoin project began its public-facing activities in 2024. The official project account on the social media platform X (formerly Twitter) was created in May 2024. ^[4] That same month, the project announced a strategic partnership with Arrow Science to facilitate the launch of its satellite constellation. ^[3] Throughout mid-2024, Spacecoin focused on community growth through a multi-season airdrop program, launching its "Airdrop Mission Guide" in June and a second season in August. ^[3] During this period, it also announced a collaboration with IPX to feature a Spacecoin-themed character in the "LINE FRIENDS minini" global character universe. ^[3]​

In the latter half of 2024, the project achieved several technical and strategic milestones. On September 22, the roadmap for its "Starmesh" virtual satellite network was revealed during Korea Blockchain Week. ^[3] By September 25, the project's initial three satellites, designated CTC-1, were confirmed as launch-ready after passing final health assessments at Vandenberg Space Force Base. A major technical achievement occurred on October 1, 2024, when Spacecoin successfully routed the first end-to-end blockchain transaction through its space infrastructure, demonstrating the core viability of its concept. ^[3]​

The project's first satellite, named CTC-0, was launched on December 21, 2024, as part of SpaceX's Bandwagon-2 rideshare mission. ^{[1] [4]} A key event occurred on November 13, 2025, when the project announced a successful data transmission from the CTC-0 satellite. This transmission included the message:

"To whoever observes this in 2023 We built Spacecoin because billions deserved better Your vigilance now proves it worked Thank you for carrying the word The future is decentralized -Captain Tae" ^[4]

The project's roadmap includes the launch of three additional satellites in 2025 to form the CTC-1 constellation. These satellites are intended for conducting pilot tests in partnership with organizations in Africa and Southeast Asia. Following these tests, Spacecoin plans to begin full commercial operations in 2026, aiming to bring its first unconnected users online and expand network coverage. The 2026 plans also include enabling third parties to deploy their own interoperable satellites on the network. ^[1]​

Technology

Spacecoin's technology integrates satellite communications with blockchain to create a decentralized internet backbone. The architecture is designed for resilience, privacy, and public verifiability.

Core Architecture

The foundation of the Spacecoin network is a constellation of blockchain-enabled small satellites operating in low-Earth orbit (LEO). This space-based infrastructure allows the network to function independently of terrestrial systems, providing a "lifeline connection" that is resistant to censorship and localized failures. The system is designed with what the project calls "no kill switch," ensuring that no single entity can control or disable the entire network. This decentralized control model allows the network to remain operational even if individual satellite operators or ground stations go offline. ^[4] The network's open design allows third parties to add their own satellites, contributing to the system's decentralization and resource pool. ^[2]​

Blockchain Integration

Spacecoin is built on the Creditcoin blockchain, which serves as the foundational ledger for its operations. A key function of this integration is the public verification of network activity. When data is transmitted from Spacecoin's satellites, the transaction hash of that transmission is logged on the Creditcoin blockchain. This creates an immutable and publicly accessible record, allowing anyone to verify the network's operational status and data transmissions without needing to trust the project itself. ^{[1] [4]}​

Satellite Constellation

The project's satellite fleet is being deployed in phases.

• CTC-0: This is the designation for Spacecoin's first operational satellite. Launched in December 2024, CTC-0 orbits the Earth approximately every 90 minutes. Its location and trajectory can be tracked in real-time via a public satellite tracker on the project's website. ^{[1] [4]}
• CTC-1: This designation refers to the project's first full constellation, planned to consist of three satellites. These satellites were prepared for launch in late 2024 and are slated for deployment in 2025 to initiate pilot programs. ^[3]

Verification and Services

Spacecoin has developed several concepts and services that define its technological approach.

Proof of Orbit and Verification

The project uses the term "Proof of Orbit" to describe the process of validating that its satellites are operational in space. ^[4] Public verification is facilitated through two primary methods:

1. Satellite Observation: The open-source SatNOGS network allows the public to independently track and observe Spacecoin's satellites.
2. On-Chain Record: The transaction hash of messages transmitted from space is published on the Creditcoin block explorer for anyone to audit. ^[4]

Starmesh

Starmesh is a service announced by Spacecoin, described as a "Virtual Satellite Network" that provides decentralized satellite internet browsing. The service is marketed with a strong emphasis on privacy, using the slogan "Privacy through architecture, not promises." Its architecture is designed to have no central point for data collection, which is meant to protect user privacy at a structural level. ^[4] The roadmap for Starmesh was officially unveiled at Korea Blockchain Week in September 2024. ^[3]​

Proof of Location (PoL)

Proof of Location is a mechanism proposed by the Spacecoin team that combines blockchain and satellite technology. It aims to create a secure, decentralized, and reliable system for verifying physical location, as detailed in a project blog post. ^[3]​

User Features and Access

The network is designed to be accessible to a wide range of users through different models and features powered by its integration with the Creditcoin ecosystem.

• Universal Smart Contracts: This feature enables users to pay for internet services with various digital assets from multiple blockchain networks without requiring traditional bridging, simplifying the payment process. ^[1]
• Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL): Through its partnership with Credal, Spacecoin offers users flexible payment plans for internet fees. This feature, named Credal, is particularly aimed at users in emerging markets. ^[1]
• On-Chain Credit Building: By consistently using and paying for Spacecoin's services, users who are unbanked or underbanked can build a verifiable on-chain credit history. This profile can potentially unlock future access to other financial services. ^[1]

Two primary access models are planned:

1. Regular Users: Can access the network by paying a local telecommunications provider in fiat currency. The provider then uses the SPACE token to interact with the Spacecoin network on the user's behalf.
2. Advanced Users: Can operate a personal ground station, pay for services directly with SPACE tokens, and have the option to assign dedicated satellites for their use. ^[4]

SPACE Token

The SPACE token is the native utility cryptocurrency of the Spacecoin ecosystem. It is used to facilitate payments for services across the decentralized satellite network. ^[4]​

• Ticker: SPACE
• Blockchain: Creditcoin
• Contract Address (Creditcoin): 0x7ab7C6A935Ab2D1437398790C9C0660af62A80b9
• Max Supply: 21,000,000,000 SPACE
• Total Supply: 21,000,000,000 SPACE
• Self-Reported Circulating Supply: 2,940,000,000 SPACE (14% of total supply)

All tokenomics data is based on figures reported by the project to CoinMarketCap. The project conducted multi-season airdrop campaigns in 2024 as a primary mechanism for token distribution and community growth. ^{[2] [3]}​

Partnerships

Spacecoin has established several strategic partnerships to support its technical development, launch capabilities, and market adoption.

• Creditcoin: As the foundational blockchain, Creditcoin's infrastructure supports Spacecoin's on-chain verification, multi-chain payments, and credit-building features. ^[1]
• SpaceX: The aerospace company served as the launch provider for Spacecoin's first satellite, CTC-0, on its Bandwagon-2 rideshare mission. ^[1]
• Credal: Credal is the designated partner for providing Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) payment solutions to Spacecoin users. ^[1]
• Arrow Science: A strategic partner that assisted with the launch and logistics of the CTC-1 satellite constellation. ^[3]
• SatNOGS: Spacecoin leverages the open-source SatNOGS network to enable public and independent tracking of its satellites as part of its verification mechanism. ^[4]
• IPX: A marketing collaboration with the company behind the "LINE FRIENDS minini" character universe to create a Spacecoin-themed character. ^[3]

Key Individuals

• Tae Oh: A key figure in the project, also known by the persona "Captain Tae." He has represented the project's vision on podcasts and is credited as the author of the first message transmitted from the CTC-0 satellite. ^[4]
• Adam Wexler: Identified as the Technical Director of the Spacecoin project. In late 2024, Wexler commented on how the declining costs of satellite development and launch have made Spacecoin's mission technologically and economically feasible. ^[2]