Runera is a Bitcoin Layer 2 protocol integrating zero-knowledge proofs and AI to support gaming applications while maintaining compatibility with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). It enables off-chain execution of complex computations, with verification mechanisms on Bitcoin to ensure security and efficiency. ^[3]

Overview

Runera is a Gaming and AI protocol that utilizes BRC-20 on Bitcoin’s Layer 2. It is designed to be fully compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and enables native BTC transactions for gas fees, linking Bitcoin's stability with EVM's adaptability.

As a Bitcoin Layer 2 solution, Runera incorporates the ZK Stark algorithm and Taproot script within a decentralized Gaming and AI framework. Due to Bitcoin’s constraints with complex computations, Runera processes smart contracts off-chain while verifying them on-chain using Taproot Script, similar to bitVM. The protocol also employs AI to translate high-level language programs into low-level opcodes, which can be represented as digital circuits and simulated on Bitcoin when required.

This structure enables off-chain computation execution with selective on-chain verification, similar to Ethereum Rollups like Arbitrum. Runera integrates zkEVM to generate ZK Proofs, validated by off-chain nodes, reducing network load. The SVMZK scheme is implemented to enhance censorship resistance for sequencers. Runera emphasizes community participation, involving early users and ecosystem partners in decision-making. Its governance and tokenomics structure aim to ensure transparency and long-term engagement. ^[4]

Technology

Gaming x AI

Runera is developing a Bitcoin ZK Rollup Layer 2 solution focusing on Gaming and AI, bridging theoretical advancements with practical applications. The development follows a phased approach:

• Alpha Mainnet Phase aims to stabilize system operations, integrate ZK Rollup components, and incorporate Gaming and AI features.
• Mainnet Phase transitions validation to Taproot scripts, converts off-chain Prover and Verifier components into circuits, implements Anti-Transaction Reordering using NZK, and expands AI capabilities for interactive blockchain gaming.

Testnets are introduced at various stages to assess functionality and performance, ensuring system reliability before major updates. The technical architecture integrates Gaming and AI within the ZK Rollup framework to enhance blockchain-based gaming experiences. ^[5]

Commitment Verification

In Runera, Commitment ensures the integrity of off-chain transactions and state transitions. If a dispute arises, relevant data can be temporarily uploaded to the Bitcoin blockchain for verification, with Bitcoin nodes acting as arbiters.

The Proposer submits Zero-Knowledge (ZK) circuit execution results to Bitcoin for validation by the Verifier. To prevent irrelevant or random data submissions, a mechanism is required for Bitcoin nodes to independently verify that uploaded off-chain data is relevant.

Commitment is periodically published on the Bitcoin blockchain, linking it to off-chain state transitions and transactions. It is a compact representation of extensive off-chain data, functioning similarly to a hash. ^[6]

Verification Process

Runera verifies computations on Bitcoin using a method similar to BitVM, employing Bitcoin Script to simulate logic gate circuits. This approach enables executing complex virtual machine operations despite Bitcoin Script’s non-Turing-complete nature.

Runera’s system models processors as input-output systems composed of logic gate circuits. Bitcoin Script replicates these effects, theoretically enabling the simulation of a Turing machine. Since Bitcoin cannot directly verify Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) opcodes, Runera compiles high-level language opcodes into logic gate circuits, which Bitcoin Script then processes as an Intermediate Representation (IR) between EVM and Bitcoin.

The protocol utilizes the Bristol format to define circuit structures, detailing inputs, outputs, gate functions, and connections. This format standardizes logic gate circuit descriptions, ensuring clarity in computational verification.

By simulating computations this way, Runera enables secure and efficient verification of off-chain operations without requiring a fully Turing-complete system, maintaining integrity in state transitions and transaction processes. ^[7]

Taproot Scripts

Runera utilizes two key scripts within its verification framework:

• Bit Commitments Taproot: Verifies the Preimage Commitment submitted by the Proposer.
• Verification Taproot: Confirms the correctness of the execution trace disclosed by the Proposer.

Both scripts incorporate a time-locked leaf which enforces time-based unlocking conditions for UTXOs:

• Bit Commitments Taproot: Limits the Proposer’s timeframe for submitting proofs. The Verifier can spend the Taproot if the deadline is missed, signaling delayed data submission to third-party validators.
• Verification Taproot: Ensures UTXO unlocking upon expiration, preventing permanent fund locking in cases where the Proposer is not acting maliciously.

Unlike interactive verification systems, Runera determines execution validity based on spending conditions and timing. If the bit commitments Taproot remains locked beyond the allowed period, it indicates potential malicious behavior. If the verification Taproot unlocks as expected, it confirms the execution trace's correctness. This system enables secure and transparent verification of off-chain computations on the Bitcoin blockchain. ^[8]

RUNERA Token

RUNERA is the native token of the Runera ecosystem. It has a total supply of 10B tokens and has the following distribution: ^[9]

• Ecosystem: 40%
• Presale: 15%
• Treasury: 15%
• Team: 10%
• Investor: 10%
• Community Incentives: 7%
• Advisor: 3%